a tXXcXzw sshtZinIamWv. aX\ncmkamWv AXnsâ apJap{Z. ]Snªmdnsâ a®nemWv AXv ]nd¶phoWXv. imkv{Xhpw aXhpw X½nepWvSmb \nÀ`mKyIcamb kwL«\amWv AXn\v ]Ým¯esamcp¡nbXv. AÔhnizmk¯nepw aqVk¦Â]§fnepw sI«ns¸m¡nb aXk¦Â]§Ä imkv{Xapt¶ä¯nsâ ap¶n Hs¶m¶mbn XIÀ¶phoWp. ]cmPbw k½Xn¨v ]n·mtdWvSnh¶aXta[mhnIÄ
]qPmapdnIfne`bw tXSn. Nn´mcwK¯v
]nSn¨p\n¡m\mhmsX ]ptcmlnX·mÀ
s]mXpPohnX¯nÂ\n¶v ]qÀWambpw amdn\n¶p. cmPm[n]Xy¯nsâbpw `q{]`pXz¯nsâbpw \mSphmgn¯¯nsâbpw ]utcmlnXy¯nsâbpw sImSnb NqjW§Ä¡pw [mÀjvSy¯n\pw Iq«p\n¶ aXw {]Xn¡q«neIs¸«p. Ahkm\aXn\v KXnIn«mt{]Xs¯t¸mse Bcm[\meb§fpsS aqeIfn HXp§n¡qtSWvSnh¶p. C¯csamcp kmlNcy¯nsâ krjvSnbmWv ]Snªmdv ]ndhnsbSp¯ skIypednkw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ]mÝmXy cmjv{Sob]ÞnX·mcpsSbpw Nn´I·mcpsSbpw ho£W¯n skIypednkw XoÀ¯pw aX\ncmk]ctam \ntj[]ctam BWv.

sNbnt¼gvkv F³sskt¢m]oUnb : ""aXZÀi\w k\mX\asöpw A{]mtbmKnItam A\`nejWobtam Ahnizk\obtam BsW¶pw hnizkn¡p¶hÀ¡pÅXmWv skIypednkw.''

\nt¡mtfm amIyshÃn : ""cmjv{Ss¯ \ne\nÀ¯ns¡mWvSpt]mtcWvSXn\v aXs¯tbm [Àas¯tbm a\pjyXzs¯tbm `cWm[nImcn¡v ]et¸mgpw _enIgnt¡WvSnhcpw. AXn\m cmjv{Ss¯ iàns¸Sp¯m\m{Kln¡p¶ GsXmcp `cWm[nImcnbpw icn¡pw Adnªncn¡Ww, Xn· sN¿p¶sX§s\bmsW¶v'' ( The Prince ).

shbn³t]mÄ : ""km·mÀKnI\mb HcmÄ¡v cmjv{Ss¯ kwc£n¡pI km[yaÃ. ImcWw, cmjv{S¯nsâ c£¡p thWvS Imcy§Ä Hcp km·mÀKnI\p sN¿m³ km[yaÃ. CXpsImWvSpt±in¡p¶Xv cmjv{S¯eh³ cmjv{S¯nsâ c£¡pthWvSn F´pw F§s\bpw {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Xbmdmbncn¡Wsa¶mWv. \·Xn·Isf¡pdn¨ hnthN\w \S¯p¶ km·mÀKnI\v AXv Akm[yas{X.''

F³sskt¢m]oUnb {_n«m\n¡ "\ncoizchmZ'sa¶ ioÀjI¯nepÄs¸Sp¯nbmWv skIypednks¯ hniIe\w sN¿p¶Xv. \ncoizchmZ¯nsâ
{]mtbmKnIcq]ambmWv AXns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv: ""{]mtbmKnI\ncoizchmZw, {]tbmK¯n ssZh\ntj[w Xs¶bmWv. A¯csamcp ZÀi\s¯ kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw ssZhaptWvSm F¶ tNmZyw PohnX¯nsâ AÀYhpw a\pjymkvXnXz¯nsâ
\ne]mSpIfpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ A{]kàamWv. ap¼v {]IrXymXoXiànItfmSp tNÀ¯p ]dª {]Xn`mk§Ä¡v imkv{XobhniZoIcWw IsWvS¯nbtXmsS B[p\nIa\pjysâ "t{]X_m[sbmgnª temIw' ]nd¶phoWp. AXpt]mse¯s¶ sshZyimkv{Xw, hnZym`ymkw, Ie XpS§nb taJeIfn kwLSnXaX§fpsS kzm[o\w Ahkm\n¨tXmsS ssZh¯n\pw ]ctemI¯n\pw Imcyamb ]¦nÃm¯ Hcp PohnXho£Ww hfÀ¯nsbSp¡m³ a\pjy³ DZypà\mbn. C¯cw Hcp PohnXZÀi\s¯ Ipdn¡m\mWv ]s¯m¼Xmw \qämWvSnsâ a[y¯n skIypednkw F¶ hm¡v \nÀan¡s¸«Xv'' ( F³sskt¢m]oUnb {_n«m\n¡ . `mKw: 2, t]: 668).

]Snªmdnsâ tImf\nIfmbn amdnb ]uckvXycmPy§fn aX\ncmk]chpw ssZh\ntj[]chpamb Cu skIypeÀ Bib§Ä hym]Iambn {]Ncn¸n¡s¸«p. C´ym D]`qJÞhpw CXnÂ\ns¶mgnhmbnÃ. Gjy\m{^n¡³ \mSpIfnse apkvenwIfpw CXc P\hn`mK§sft¸mse ]Snªmd³Nn´bpsS ap¼n ]cmPnXa\kvIcmbn
]©]pOaS¡n Hm¨m\n¨p\n¡pIbmbncp¶p. £am]WssientbmsS ]mÝmXyZÀi\§sfbpw {]Xybimkv{X§sfbpw hmcnhngp§m³ sh¼Â sImÅpIbmbncp¶p. C¯csamcp ]Ým¯e¯nemWv ]mÝmXy `uXnIZÀi\§fpsSbpw {]Xybimkv{X§fpsSbpw tI{µ_nµphmb skIypednks¯ kw_Ôn¨v k¿nZv A_pÂAAvem auZqZn C§s\ ]dªXv: ""a\pjysâ hyànPohnXt¯mSpam{XamWv ssZh¯n\pw aX¯n\papÅ _Ôw F¶ kn²m´w tIhew _menihpw \ncÀYIhpamIp¶p. bpànbpsStbm hnÚm\¯nsâtbm ]n³_ew AXn\nÃ. Hcp Imcyw hyàamWv; ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw X½nepÅ hyhlmcw cWvSnsemcp hn[¯nemhmsX XcanÃ. H¶pIn ssZhw a\pjysâbpw a\pjy³ A[nhkn¡p¶ Cu {]]©aJne¯nsâbpw {kjvSmhpw \mY\pw A[n]\pambncn¡Ww. Asæn A§s\sbm¶paÃmXncn¡Ww. ssZhw a\pjysâ {kjvSmhpw \mY\pw A[n]Xnbpasæn ]ns¶ Ah\pambn Hcp kzImcy_Ôw ]peÀ¯p¶Xnsâ BhiyanÃ. A¯cw bmsXmcp kw_ÔhpanÃm¯, XnI¨pw A\yamb HckvXnXzs¯ IWvSam\w Bcm[n¨psImÅWsa¶Xv shdpw AÀYiq\yamb Hcp hmZw am{XamWv. C\n bmYmÀYyw adn¨msW¦n \½psSbpw kIe NcmNc§fpsSbpw {kjvSmhpw DSabpw A[n]XnbpamWv ssZhsa¶psWvS¦n Ahsâ A[nImc]cn[n Hmtcm a\pjysâbpw kzImcyPohnX¯n am{Xw ]cnanXambncn¡p¶Xn\pw, a\pjy\pw a\pjy\pw X½nepÅ Hcp s]mXp_Ôw Bcw`n¡pt¶S¯psh¨v B A[nImcw Ahkm\n¨pt]mIp¶Xn\pw Hcp \ymbhpanÃ. Cu ]cn[n\nÀWbw ssZhw Xs¶bmWv sNbvXn«pÅsX¦n AXnte¡v hà {]amWs¯bpw km£ys¸Spt¯WvSnbncn¡p¶p. AYhm, Xsâ tkzOm[nImcw D]tbmKn¨v a\pjy³ Xs¶ s]mXpPohnXs¯ ssZh¯nÂ\n¶pw kzX{´am¡nsbSp¯XmsW¦n AsXmcp [n¡mcw am{XamWv; Xsâ krjvSnIÀ¯mhpw \mY\pw A[n]Xnbpamb ssZht¯mSp ImWn¨ ]ckyamb [n¡mcw.''

""Cu [n¡mct¯mSpIqSnbpw HcmÄ ssZhs¯bpw aXs¯bpw Xsâ kzImcyPohnX¯n am\n¡p¶psWvS¶v AhImis¸SWsa¦n AbmfpsS _p²n¡v kmcamb hà hnIeXbpw _m[n¡pI Xs¶ thWw. Fs´mcp Akw_Ôw! Hmtcm hyànbpw Häs¡mä¡mbncn¡pt¼mÄ ssZh¯nsâ Zmk³; F¶m B hyànIÄ IqSnt¨À¶v Hcp kaqlambncn¡pt¼mÄ ssZhZmkcsöpw! LSI§tfmtcm¶pw ASnabmWv. ]t£, B LSI§fpsS Hcp kmaqlnILS\ ASnabsöv! X\n {`m´·mÀ¡pam{Xw k¦Â]n¡m³ Ignbp¶ Hcp `mh\bmWnXv. \½psS Krl¯nÂ, \½psS {Kma¯nÂ, \½psS ]«W¯nÂ, \½psS kvIqfnÂ, \½psS tImtfPnÂ, \½psS ]mÀesaânÂ, \½psS Kh¬saâv luknÂ, \½psS tImSXnbnÂ, \½psS sk{It«dnbänÂ, \½psS ssk\nI¯mhf¯nÂ, \½psS t]meokv sse\nÂ, \½psS bp²cwK¯v, \½psS kÔnkt½f\¯n þChnsSsbm¶pw \ap¡v ssZh¯nsâbpw ssZh\nÀtZi¯nsâbpw Bhiyansæn ]ns¶ AXnsâ Bhiyw FhnsSbmWpÅsX¶v F{X BtemNn¨n«pw a\ÊnemIp¶nÃ. GsX¦nepw Hcp PohnXhyhlmc¯n \ap¡v amÀK\nÀtZiw \ÂIm¯ A{Xbpw D]Imciq\yt\m, Asæn \mw AbpànIhpw A{]mtbmKnIhpambn ImWp¶ \nÀtZiw am{Xw \ÂIp¶, A{Xbpw AÚm\ntbm Bb Hcp¯s\ \½psS ssZhambn hcn¡pIbpw Ah\v IWvSam\w Bcm[\ \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv F´n\mWv?'' ( atXXcXzw, tZiobXzw, P\m[n]Xyw: Hcp Xm¯znIhniIe\w , t]: 11,12).

apkvenwIÄ skIypecnkw kzoIcn¡p¶Xns\ CtX IrXn AXncq£ambn Bt£]n¡pIbpw hnaÀin¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶mÂ, CsXms¡bpw
]mÝmXyatXXcXzs¯bpw AXns\ kÀhmß\m kzoIcn¡m³ k¶²amhp¶Xns\bpamsW¶ Imcyw hnkvacn¡mhXÃ. AtXmsSm¸w {_n«ojv B[n]Xy¯n\p Iogn Ignªncp¶ Ahn`à C´ybn sh¨mWv Cu hnaÀi\w \S¯nbsX¶Xpw {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv.

C´y³ skIypednkw

kzX{´ C´y kzoIcn¨Xv skIypeÀ hyhØbmWv. F¶menXv ]mÝmXy skIypednk¯nÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamWv. AYhm, \½psS cmjv{S\mbI·mcpsS ]pXnb hymJym\t¯mSpIqSnb skIypednkamWv \½psS cmPyw AwKoIcn¨Xv. C´y³ skIypednks¯ kw_Ôn¨v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""C´y Hcp skIypeÀ cmjv{SamsW¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ, ImWs¸Sm¯ Hcp tNX\bpsS bmYmÀYys¯bpw aX¯n\v PohnX¯nepÅ {]kànsbbpw \mw \ncmIcn¡p¶psht¶m aXhnizmkanÃmbvasb \mw kvXpXn¡p¶psht¶m AÀYam¡p¶nÃ. aX\nct]£X Xs¶ Hcp {InbmßI aXambn¯ocp¶psht¶m Kh¬saâv ssZhnIambhntijm[nImcw kzoIcn¡p¶psht¶m AXn\ÀYanÃ. ]caamb iànbnepÅ hnizmkw C´y³ ]mc¼cy¯nsâ ASnØm\kn²m´amsW¦nepw C´ym Kh¬saâv GsX¦nepw {]tXyI aXhpambn XmZmßyw
{]m]n¡pItbm GsX¦nepw {]tXyI aX¯m \nb{´n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶XÃ. Hcp {]tXyI aXs¯bpw aäpÅhtb¡mÄ IqSpX CjvSs¸SpItbm AXn\v AZznXobamb khntijX \ÂIpItbm CÃ'' (D²cWw: tUm. Fw.hn. ss]en, amXr`qan BgvN¸Xn¸v. 1989 Pqsse 16þ22).

PhlÀem s\lvdp ]dbp¶p: ""C´ybn Hcp skIypeÀ tÌäns\¡pdn¨v \mw ]dbp¶p. ]t£, "skIypeÀ' F¶ hm¡n\v Hcp \à lnµn]Zw
IWvSp]nSn¡m³ t]mepw Ffp¸aÃ. aX¯n\v hncp²amWv AsX¶v NneÀ IcpXp¶p. AXp icnbÃ. FÃm hnizmk§sfbpw Xpeyambn _lpam\n¡p¶Xpw Ah¡p Xpeyamb Ahkcw \ÂIp¶Xpamb Hcp tÌämWXv'' ( Ibid , 1622, 1989 Pqsse).

1951þ ]mÀesaân lnµptImUv _nÃns\¡pdn¨ NÀ¨bn ]s¦Sp¯v tUm. Awt_ZvIÀ ]dªp: ""P\§fpsS aX]camb hnImc§Ä \mw IW¡nseSp¡m³ ]mSnsöà skIypeÀ tÌäv F¶Xnsâ AÀYw. skIypeÀ tÌäv F¶Xn\v BsIbpÅ AÀYw _m¡n P\§fpsS ta GsX¦nepw {]tXyI aXw ASnt¨Â]n¡m³ Cu ]mÀesaân\v A[nImcansöXmWv. `cWLS\ AwKoIcn¡p¶ GI]cn[n \nÀWbn¡Â AXp am{XamWv.''

skIypednk¯nsâ auenIkz`mh¯nÂ\n¶pw hyXykvXamb kao]\t¯mSpw hymJym\t¯mSpw IqSnbmWv \½psS \mSv AXns\ AwKoIcn¨sX¶v D]cypà {]kvXmh§Ä AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p.

PamA¯nsâ kao]\w

apkvenwIÄ Ckvemansâ A\pbmbnIsf¶ \nebn X§fpsS PohnX¯nsâ kakvX aÞe§fnepw ssZhnIhyhØ kzoIcn¡pIbpw ]camh[n {]tbmKhXvIcn¡pIbpw thWw. AhÀ Ckvemans\ {]Xn\n[oIcnt¡WvSXpw kaql¯nsâ ap¼n AXns\ kaÀ¸nt¡WvSXpw Hcp k¼qÀWPohnXhyhØ F¶ \nebnemWv.

F¶mÂ, cmPy\nhmknIÄ¡v CXv kzoIcn¡m\pw \ncmIcn¡m\pw ]qÀWkzmX{´yapWvSv. \½psS cmPys¯ alm`qcn]£hpw Cu ssZhnIPohnX{Ias¯ AwKoIcn¨n«nsöp am{XaÃ; CtX¡pdn¨v AÚtcm KpcpXcambn sXän²cn¨htcm BWv. C¯csamcp kmlNcy¯n C´ybn ssZhnIhyhØ \S¸m¡Wsa¶v kmam\yt_m[apÅ Bcpw ]dbpIbnÃ. PamAs¯ Ckveman ]dªn«panÃ.

\½ptSXp t]mepÅ _lpaXkaql§fn tUm. cm[mIrjvW\pw Awt_ZvIdpsaÃmw hn`mh\ sNbvX t]mepÅ aX\nct]£XbmWv A`nImayhpw
{]mtbmKnIhpw. ssZhnIPohnXhyhØsb kw_Ôn¨v cmPy\nhmknIfn \ne\n¡p¶ AÚXbpw A]²[mcWIfpaIäm\pw AhÀ¡Xns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯m\pw {ian¡p¶tXmsSm¸w PamAs¯ Ckveman aX\nct]£Xsb ]n´pW¡m\pw t{]mÕmln¸n¡m\papÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

1970 BKÌn PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS tI{µ IqSnbmtemN\mkanXn "atXXcP\m[n]XyKh¬saâpw PamAs¯ Ckvemanbpw' F¶ Xes¡«n AwKoIcn¨ {]tabw C¡mcyw kwib¯n\nSanÃm¯hn[w hniZoIcn¨n«pWvSv. AXn\pap¼pw tijhpsaÃmw aX\nct]£XtbmSpÅ PamA¯nsâ kao]\w AXv hyàam¡nbXmWv.

""XnI¨pw P\m[n]Xy]cambn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw cmPy¯v GIm[n]Xy¯n\pw ^mjnk¯n\psaXnsc atXXcP\m[n]XyiànIsf ]n´m§pIbpw sN¿p¶ {]Øm\amWv PamAs¯ Ckveman'' ( {]t_m[\w hmcnI, 4.7.1998).

""GIm[n]Xy¯ns\Xncn Nn´mþIÀakzmX{´y¯nepw PamA¯v ASnbpd¨phnizkn¡p¶p. `cWIqSw skIypeÀ kz`mht¯mSpIqSnbmbncn¡Wsa¶v PamA¯vB{Kln¡p¶p''
({]t_m[\w hmcnI, ]pkvXIw: 1, e¡w: 12).