1948 G{]n 16\v Cemlm_mZnÂsh¨v kzX{´ C´ybn PamAs¯ Ckveman ]p\xkwLSn¸n¡s¸«p. auem\m A_pssÃkv Ckvemln \Zvhn {]Ya Aaodmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸«p. apkvenwIsf kmapZmbnI {[phoIcW¯nsâ ]mXbnÂ\n¶v ]n´ncn¸n¡m\pw Ahsc am\pjnImZÀiamb Ckvemansâ bYmÀY hàm¡fpw {]tbmàm¡fpam¡m\papÅ bXv\¯nemWv A¶papX PamA¯v GÀs¸«Xv. AtXmsSm¸w C´ybnse alm `qcn]£w hcp¶ AapkvenwIÄ¡v Ckvemans\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯phm³, hnhn[ {]mtZinI `mjIfn {]kn²oIcW§Ä ]pd ¯nd¡p¶Xv DÄs¸sSbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§fpw Bcw`n¨p. hn`P\w krjvSn¨ k¦oÀWamb {]iv\§fpw kmapZmbnI {[phoIcWw a\pjya\ÊpIfn hnt«¨pt]mb Bgtadnb apdnhpIfpw cmPy¯v \mec tImSn apkvenwIfpsS PohnXs¯ \nÊlmbXbpsSbpw A\nÝnXXz¯nsâbpw XShdIfn Xf¨n« kµÀ`ambncp¶p AXv. AXn\mÂ, IdIfª hnizmk¯nsâ ASn¯dIfn kapZmb¯nsâ
]p\cp²mcWw km[n¡m\pw Ahcn e£yt_m[apfhm¡m\pw PamA¯v AXnsâ ]cnanXamb IgnhpIÄ hn\ntbmKn¨p.

XZhkc¯nembncp¶p C´y³ dn¸»n¡nsâ Ncn{X¯n {]Ya s]mXpsXcsªSp¸v kamKXambXv. 1952þse Cu sXcsªSp¸n C´y³ apkvenwIÄ s]mXpsh KpcpXcamb Bib¡pg¸¯n AIs¸«p. ae_mdnÂam{Xw apkvenweoKv
]p\ÀPohn¸n¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. hn`P\¯nsâbpw BXy´nI kmapZmbnIXbpsSbpw XnàkvacWIÄ ]¨bmbn \ne\n¶ncp¶Xn\m ae_mdnÂt]mepw \sÃmcp hn`mKw apkvenwIÄ Bib¡pg¸¯nembncp¶p. cmPy¯nsâ aäp `mK§fnemhs«, Ahsc CXnIÀ¯hyXm aqVX hym]Iambn¯s¶ ]nSnIqSn. Hcphi¯v apkvenwIsf XnI¨pw \ncmis¸Sp¯nb \mj\ tIm¬{Kkv. adphi¯v, BXy´nI hÀKobXbpsS hàm¡Ä. cWvSn\pw at[y, \mkvXnIcpw aX\ntj[nIfpamb IayqWnÌpIfpw AhcnÂ\n¶v hfscsbm¶pw `n¶cÃmXncp¶ tkmjyenÌpIfpw. ChÀs¡Ãmw thWvSn apkvenwIsf AWn\nc¯m³ cwK¯nd§nbhÀ kapZmb¯nepWvSmbncp¶psh¦nepw apkvenwP\kmam\y¯n hnizmkhpw {]Xo£bpw hfÀ¯m³ AhÀ¡v Ignªncp¶nÃ. F{Xt¯mfsa¶mÂ, At¶mfw tIm¬{KÊnt\mSv H«n\n¶ PwC¿¯p Deamsb lnµnse Nne {]apJ ]ÞnX·mÀ t]mepw CeIvj³ _lnjvIcn¡m\mWv apkvenwIsf Blzm\w sNbvXXv.

Cu ]Ým¯e¯nembncp¶p "sXcsªSp¸v {]iv\hpw C´y³ apkvenwIfpw' F¶ {]uVamb teJ\ ]c¼c C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman AaoÀ auem\m A_pssÃkv \Zvhn X¿mdm¡n {]kn²oIcn¨Xv ("apkvenwIfpw hcm\ncn¡p¶ sXcsªSp¸pw' F¶ t]cn "{]t_m[\w' {]Xn]£]{Xw hmfyw 3, e¡w 10 apX AXv {]kn²oIcn¨n«pWvSv) P\m[n]Xy¯n sXcsªSp¸pIfpsS {]m[m\yw Du¶n¸dªtXmsSm¸w, ]mÝmXy³ P\m[n]Xy¯nsâbpw CeIvj³ k{¼Zmb¯nsâbpw Zqjy§Ä CkvemanI ho£W¯neqsS AaoÀ {]kvXpX teJ\¯n A\mhcWw sN¿pIbpWvSmbn.
AXpt]mse \njn²hpw A\nkvemanIhpamb hyhØnXnsb Xm§n\nÀ¯mt\m A¯csamcp hyhØnXn¡pthWvSn \nesImÅp¶ ]mÀ«nIsf A[nImc¯nteämt\m apkvenwIÄ¡v ]mSnsö PamA¯nsâ ho£WKXnbpw At±lw hyàam¡n.

CeIvj³ {]iv\¯nse DÄ]mÀ«n NÀ¨IÄ

cmPy¯nse H¶mas¯ s]mXpsXcsªSp¸ns\ kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS
\ne]mSv CXmbncp¶psh¦nepw XpSÀ¶pÅ hÀj§fn CeIvj³ {]iv\s¯ AXÀln¡p¶ Kucht¯msS t\m¡n¡mWm\pw bYmkabw DNnXamb Xocpam\§sfSp¡m\pw PamA¯v A\pkyqXw {i²n¨n«pWvSv. ASnØm\mZÀi¯nepw e£y¯nepw hn«phogvN sN¿msX¯s¶, sXcsªSp¸pIsf e£y{]m]vXn¡v F§s\ {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯msa¶Xmbncp¶p XZznjbIambn tI{µ aPvenkv iqdbnepw {]Xn\n[n k`bnepw ]cymtemN\¡ph¶ apJy {]iv\w. AtXmsSm¸w, AwK§Ä¡v k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKn¡p¶XnepÅ hne¡v Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw D¯a XmÂ]cy§Ä ap³\ndp¯n Ft¸mÄ, F§s\ \o¡Wsa¶Xpw NÀ¨mhnjbambn. kzm`mhnIambpw NÀ¨Ifn `n¶amb ho£W§fpw hmZKXnIfpw ap¼n h¶p. PamA¯nsâ auenImZÀi¯ntem e£y¯ntem amäw thWsa¶ A`n{]mbw HcmÄ¡pw DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ,
e£y{]m]vXn¡v kzoIcn¡mhp¶ Gähpw ^e{]Zamb amÀKsa´v? sXcsªSp¸pIÄ AXns\{Xt¯mfw klmbIamWv? Hcp A\nkvemanI hyhØnXnbpsS Iogn \S¡p¶ sXcsªSp¸pIfn ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xv CkvemanI {]Øm\¯n\v BimkyamtWm? C´ybnse atXXc P\m[n]Xy hyhØnXn, {_n«ojn´y³ `cW{Ias¯t¸mse¯s¶ XoÀ¯pw \njn²hpw A\nkvemanIhpamsW¶v hn[nsbgpXmtam? sXcsªSp¸v A\nkvemanI hyhØbpsS `mKw Xs¶bmsW¦nepw, hyhØnXnbpsS amä¯n\pthWvSn AXns\ F´psImWvSv {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯n¡qSm? k½XnZm\mhImiwt]mepw hn\ntbmKn¡msXbpÅ \njv{InbXzw cmPy¯v Ckveman\pw apkvenwIÄ¡pw t{ZmlIcamb iànIÄ A[nImc¯n hcm³ CShcp¯pIbntÃ? C¯cw, {]kà§fmb \nch[n tNmZy§Ä \nc´cw NÀ¨ sN¿s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. {]amW§fpsS hymJym\w, PamA¯nsâ {]kn²oIcW§fn `cWIqSw, P\m[n]Xyw, skIypecnkw, CeIvj³ XpS§nb Imcy§sf¡pdn¨ph¶ {]Xn]mZ\§Ä, amdnamdnhcp¶ kmlNcy§fpsS hniIe\w F¶nhbn kzm`mhnIambpWvSmImhp¶ ho£W hyXymk§fpw `n¶m`n{]mb§fpw Cu NÀ¨Ifn {]ISamhmXncp¶nÃ. DÄ]mÀ«n P\m[n]Xy¯n\pw Ckvemanse iqdm hyhØ¡pw ]camh[n {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¡p¶ PamA¯n\v, Cu ho£WhyXymk§sf IgnhXpw ka\zbn¸n¨p, btYmNnXw Xocpam\§sfSp¯p apt¼m«p \o§m³ Ignªpsh¶XmWv Gähpw {it²bamb t\«w. kaImeo\ CkvemanI {]Øm\§fnÂ
s]mXpsh¯s¶ B`y´c `n¶X¡pw ssiYney¯n\pw ImcWam¡n¯oÀ¯ {]iv\§fmWv ]cnhÀ¯\¯nsâ A`nImayamb amÀKhpw Kh¬saâpItfmSpÅ kao]\hpw. C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckvemansb, C¯cw NÀ¨IÄ ssiYney¯nte¡v \bn¨nsöXv AÃmlphnsâ A\p{KlamWv. AtXbhkc¯nÂ, Nn´n¡pIbpw kmlNcy§sf hnebncp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶ Iptd hyànIÄ Hcp {]Øm\¯n H¯ptNcpt¼mÄ, GXv {]iv\¯nepw AhÀ BZymhkm\w GIm`n{]mb¡mcmbncn¡psa¶pw, AhscSp¡p¶ GXv Xocpam\hpw amäanÃmsX XpScpsa¶pw _p²nbpÅhcmcpw IcpXpIbnÃ. CPvXnlmZnse icnbpw sXäpw {]hmNI³ AwKoIcn¡pIbpWvSmbn. ASnØm\ {]amW§fnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¡msX, ]cnXØnXnIsf hnebncp¯n, BÀPht¯mSpw kXykÔXtbmSpwIqSn Xocpam\§sfSp¡pI; `n¶kmlPcy§fn Xocpam\§Ä Xncp¯pItbm ]cnjvIcn¡pItbm d±m¡pItbm sNt¿WvSnhcpt¼mÄ Ad¨p\n¡msX kss[cyw AXn\v k¶²amhpIþ CXmWv PohÊpä {]Øm\§fpsS, hninjym CkvemanI {]Øm\§fpsS kz`mhw. Xocpam\§fnepw \b§fnepw kao]\§fnepapÅ amäw {]XntbmKnIfpw i{Xp¡fpw {]NmcWmbp[§fmbn sImWvSp\S¡psa¶Xpw A\p`hkXyamWv. F¶mÂ, amä§Ä¡p hnt[bamhm¯ Hcp {]Øm\hpw `qapJ¯pWvSmbn«nsöXpsImWvSv C¯cw {]NmcW§Ä hepXmb {]tbmP\sam¶pw BÀ¡pw sN¿mdnÃ. tIcf¯nse apkvenw aXkwLS\IÄ Xs¶, H«phfsc \bwamä§fneqsS IS¶ph¶Xnsâ DZmlcW§Ä kpe`amWv.

CubSnØm\¯n Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ, C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman CeIvjs\¡pdn¨v CXx]cy´w \S¯nb NÀ¨Ifpw ssIs¡mWvS Xocpam\§fpw, {]Øm\¯nsâbpw Ckvemansâbpw kapZmb¯nsâbpw cmPy¯nsâbpw D¯a XmÂ]cy§Ä ap³\ndp¯n Bbncp¶psh¶v ImWmw.

CeIvjs\¡pdn¨ iqdm Xocpam\§Ä

CeIvj³ {]iv\s¯¡pdn¨v C´y³ PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS D¶Xm[nImc kanXnbmb aPvenkv iqdm hnNn´\w Bcw`n¨Xv 1960 apX¡mbncp¶p. 1961 Pqembv 15 apX 18 hsc kt½fn¨ tI{µ aPvenkv iqdm, CeIvj³ {]iv\s¯¡pdn¨ hniZamb NÀ¨IÄ¡p tijw, AXnsâ hnhn[ hi§sf¸än hnNn´\w \S¯n dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡m³ Hcp k_vI½nänsb \ntbmKn¡pIbpWvSmbn. CJma¯p±o³ F¶ e£y¯n\pthWvSn CeIvjsâ GsXÃmw coXnIÄ, F{Xt¯mfw, Fs´Ãmw D]m[nIÄ¡p hnt[bambn kzoIcn¡mw? CÆnjbIambn PamA¯v \nehnepÅ kmlNcy¯n F´p Xocpam\saSp¡Ww? CtX¡pdn¨mbncp¶p I½nän AXnsâ in]mÀiIÄ kaÀ¸nt¡WvSnbncp¶Xv. PamA¯nse aX]ÞnX·mcpsSbpw Nn´I·mcpsSbpw A`n{]mb§Ä Bcmbp¶tXmsSm¸w, PamA¯n\p ]pd¯pÅ aX]ÞnX·mcpsS ho£WKXnIÄ a\Ênem¡m\pw k_vI½nänsb NpaXes¸Sp¯pIbpWvSmbn. 1961 Unkw_À 14 apX 18 hsc tNÀ¶ aPvenkv iqdm tbmK¯n CeIvj³ k_vI½nän AXnsâ dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¨p. dnt¸mÀ«nse in]mÀiIfpsSbpw PamA¯nsâ AI¯p\n¶pw ]pd¯p\n¶pw e`n¨ A`n{]mb§fpsSbpw shfn¨¯n khnkvXcamb NÀ¨IÄ \S¯nb iqdm Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xocpam\§Ä AwKoIcn¨p:

HcmÄ ssZthXc `cWhyhØ¡p Iogn ssZthXc `cWhyhØ \St¯WvSXn\mbn sXc
sªSp¸n aÕcn¡pIbpw Akw»nbn t]mhpIbpw sN¿p¶ ]£w AXv XuloZn\v hncp²hpw
]mSnÃm¯XpamWv. F¶mÂ, a\pjysâ ]cam[nImc¯n\p ]Icw ssZh¯nsâ ]cam[nImcw F¶ kn²m´¯n\\pkrXambn `cWLS\ amäm³ Xmsg ]dbp¶ D]m[nItfmsS sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡mhp¶XmWv:

1. s]mXpP\m`n{]mbw GsX¦nepw Hcp hyhØ¡\pIqeamhpI F¶XpXs¶ {]mtbmKnI Xe¯n AXv Øm]nXamhm³ aXnbmhp¶ ØnXn cmPy¯pfhmIpI.

2. sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¯m `cWLS\bn amäw hcp¯m³ km[n¡psa¶v {]Xo£n¡m³ am{Xw
s]mXpP\m`n{]mbw A\pIqeambn¯ocpI.

cWvSmas¯ D]m[n ]qÀ¯nbmbn«nÃm¯Xn\mÂ, C¶s¯ ØnXnbnÂ, {]kvXpX e£y¯n\p thWvSn PamA¯v CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡p¶ {]iv\w DÛhn¡p¶nÃ.

Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw {InbmßItam \ntj[mßItam Bb XmÂ]cy§Ä¡p thWvSn am{Xw HcmÄ, Hcp ssZthXc hyhØnXnbpsS sXcsªSp¸n ]¦Sp¡p¶Xv A\phZ\obamtWm Atà F¶ {]iv\hpw iqdm ]cymtemNn¡pIbpWvSmbn. AXnsâ Nne cq]§Ä A\phZ\obamhmsa¶v iqdm `qcn]£m`n{]mb {]Imcw Xocpam\n¨p. ]t£, 1962þse sXcsªSp¸n AXnsâ cq]§Ä hniZambn hnNn´\w sN¿s¸SpIbpWvSmbnÃ. AXn\m XZ\pkrXambn PamA¯v CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡m³ thWvSp¶ D]m[nIfpw NÀ¨ sN¿s¸«nÃ.

Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw XmÂ]cy§Ä

hoWvSpw CeIvj³ {]iv\w aPvenkv iqdm ]cnKWn¡p¶Xv, 1967þse s]mXpsXcsªSp¸n\v ap¼v, 1966 Pqsse 15 apX 22 hsc tNÀ¶ tbmK¯nÂsh¨mWv. ap³ Xocpam\§fpsS Xs¶ shfn¨¯nÂ, PamA¯v CeIvj\n ]s¦Spt¡WvSXnsömbncp¶p tbmK¯nsâ A´na Xocpam\w. F¶mÂ, ]pXpXmbn Nne Xocpam\§Ä IqSn iqdm ssIs¡mÅpIbpWvSmbn:

1. \nehnepÅ `cWhyhØ A\nkvemanIhpw kXyhncp²hpamsW¶v a\Ênem¡ns¡mWvSp Xs¶ Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw kp{][m\ XmÂ]cy§Ä¡p thWvSn CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡Â A\phZ\obamWv.

2. atäsX¦nepw kwLS\tbm hyàntbm PamA¯v AwKoIcn¡p¶ e£y§Ä¡p thWvSn 1967þse sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡pIbmsW¦n XmXznIambn AXns\, AYhm Abmsf ]n´m§mhp¶XmWv.

3. 1967þ se sXcsªSp¸v \S¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v hnhn[ \ntbmPI aÞe§fnse Øm\mÀYnIfpsS ]«nI
]pd¯ph¶m aPvenkv iqdm tbmKw hnfn¡p¶Xpw GsX¦nepw \ntbmPI aÞe¯nse PamA¯wK§fnÂ\n¶v thms«Sp¸n ]s¦Sp¡p¶XnepÅ hne¡v FSp¯pIftbWvSXptWvSm F¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶XpamWv.

1961 Unkw_dnse iqdm {]tab¯n apkvenwIÄ¡v \ÂInb\nÀtZi§Ä, 1966 Pqssebnse {]tab¯n IqSpX hniZoIcW§tfmsS AhÀ¯n¡pIbpWvSmbn.

1967 P\phcnbn tbmKw tNÀ¶ aPvenkv iqdm, ap³ Xocpam\¯nsâ shfn¨¯nÂ, GsX¦nepw \ntbmPIaÞe¯nse PamA¯wK§fnÂ\n¶v thm«nwKv hne¡v FSp¯pIftbWvSXptWvSm F¶v ]cnKWn¨p. \ntcm[w d±m¡p¶Xp sXcsªSp¸v ^e¯n kzm[o\w sNep¯psa¦nÂ, Xmsg ]dbp¶ ]cnXØnXnIfn thm«nwKv hne¡v FSp¯pIfbmhp¶XmWv F¶mbncp¶p Xocpam\w:

1. Ckvemansâtbm apkvenwIfpsStbm _²sshcnIfmb GsX¦nepw ]mÀ«ntbm hn`mKtam A[nImc¯n ht¶¡psa¶p iànbmb Bi¦bpWvSmbncn¡pI.

2. ka{Km[n]Xy]ctam GIm[n]Xy]ctam Bb hyhØ Øm]n¡phm\pt±in¡p¶ hà ]mÀ«ntbm hn`mKtam A[nImc¯n ht¶¡psa¶ iànbmb Bi¦bpWvSmbncn¡pI.

3. Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw {][m\ XmÂ]cy§tfmSv tbmPn¸pw A\p`mhhpw sh¨p]peÀ¯pIbpw Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw XmÂ]cy§sf kwc£n¡psa¶v hmKvZ¯w \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶ GsX¦nepw ]mÀ«ntbm hn`mKtam A[nImc¯n hcpsa¶ iànbmb {]Xo£bpWvSmbncn¡pI.

4. Ckvemansâbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw {][m\ XmÂ]cy§sf tkhn¡p¶ hyànIÄ kwØm\ Akw»nIfntem ]mÀesaântem F¯ns¸SmXncn¡pI.

F¶mÂ, Cu Xocpam\§fpsS shfn¨¯nÂ, 1967þse
s]mXpsXcsªSp¸n cmPys¯ GsX¦nepw Øm\mÀYn¡v PamA¯wK§Ä thm«p \ÂtIWvSXmsW¶v iqdm A`n{]mbs¸SpI bpWvSmbnÃ.

]©mb¯v sXcsªSp¸pIÄ

1968 sabn tNÀ¶ aPvenkv iqdm tbmKhpw 1968
sk]väw_dn tNÀ¶ aPvensk \pamC´Km³ ({]Xn\n[nk`) tbmKhpw, PamA¯wK§fpsS thm«nwKv hne¡v FSp¯pIfbp¶ {]iv\w NÀ¨ sN¿pIbpWvSmsb¦nepw \ntcm[w d±m¡nbnÃ. ]n¶oSv 1974 PqWn _mw¥qcn kt½fn¨ aPvenkv iqdbmWv CeIvj³ {]iv\w ka{Kambn NÀ¨ sNbvX tijw, kp{][m\amb Nne Xocpam\§Ä ssIs¡mWvSXv. AXn{]Imcw kw{Kln¡mw:

PamAs¯ Ckveman¡v bpàamb kµÀ`¯n kz´w X¯z§Ä¡p hnt[bambn sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡mhp¶XmWv. F¦nepw PamA¯nsâ ktµiw hnhn[ aX¡mcpw PmXn¡mcpamb `mcX P\XbpsS a[y¯n CtXhsc KWyamb tXmXn {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xnt\m s]mXpP\m`n{]mb¯nsâ hensbmcp `mKs¯ PamA¯nsâ BZÀi e£y§Ä¡\pIqeam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶Xnt\m km[n¨n«nÃm¯Xn\mÂ, C´ybnse \nba \nÀamW k`Ifnte¡pÅ ASp¯ s]mXpsXcsªSp¸n PamA¯p ]s¦Sp¡p¶XÃ.

F¶m cmPy¯v \nhkn¡p¶ FÃmhÀ¡pw PamA¯nsâ ktµiw F¯n¡phm\pw
_lpP\m`n{]mbw A\pIqeam¡n¯oÀ¡phm\papÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä IqSpX XzcnXs¸Sp¯Wsa¶v tI{µ aPvenkv iqdm PamA¯v {]hÀ¯Isc Blzm\w sNbvXp. PamA¯nsâ e£yw ap¼n sh¨psImWvSv, AXnsâ \b]cn]mSnIÄ {]mhÀ¯nIam¡p¶Xn\p thWvSn {Kmaþ]©mb¯v sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡mhp¶XmsW¶pw tI{µ aPvenkv iqdm Xocpam\n¨p. CÆnjbIambn, PamA¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v aXnbmb kzm[o\w e`n¡pIbpw ]©mb¯v sXcsªSp¸n {]mtbmKnIambn ]¦Sp¡m³ km[yX sXfnbpIbpw sN¿p¶ {]tZi§fpsS kÀsh \S¯m³ cWvSv k_v I½nänIÄ \ntbmKn¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. I½nänIfpsS dnt¸mÀ«nsâ shfn¨¯n Npcp§nbXv 100 {Kma§sf¦nepw sXcsªSp¸v {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v A\ptbmPyamsW¶v t_m[yambm am{Xw PamA¯v, {Kma]©mb¯v CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xn\v {]mtbmKnI \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpÅpsh¶pw Xocpam\n¡s¸«p.

_mw¥qÀ kt½f\¯n Xmsg sImSp¯ {]tabhpw AwKoIcn¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn:

""C´ybn \nehnepÅ `cW{Iaw P\m[n]Xy¯ne[njvTnXamWv. P\§Ä¡v icnbmb amÀKZÀi\hpw in£Whpw \ÂIpIbmsW¦n AhcpsS hn[n CkvemanI hyhØbpsS kwØm]\¯n\\pIqeambn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m³ XnIª km[yXbpsWvS¶Xn\m \nehnepÅ Cu `cW k{¼Zmbw \s½ kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw A`nejWobamWv. F¶m ChnSs¯ P\{]Xn\n[nIÄ GsXmcp `cWhyhØbpsS BhnjvImc¯n\mtWm \nÝbw sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv B hyhØ, ssZh¯nsâ A[nImc ]ZhnbpsS AwKoImc¯ntem ssZh¯nsâ ]cam[nImc hn`mh\bntem A[njvTnXaÃ. {]XypX, P\§fpsS Xs¶ kz´w B[n]Xy¯nepw ]cam[nImc k¦Â]¯nepa[njvTnXamWv. Cu k{¼Zmbw ssZh¯nsâ B[n]Xy¯nt\m ]cam[nImcn ssZhamsW¶ auenI k¦Â]¯nt\m bmsXmcp Dd¸pw \ÂIp¶nÃ. AXn\m Cu hyhØ AXnsâ ASnØm\w ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ A\nkvemanIhpw kXyhncp²hpamWv. AXn\m Cu hyhØbnse A_²hpw A]IShpw AXnsâ Zpc´^e§fpw PamA¯v hyàam¡ns¡mWvSncn¡pw. AXns\Xncn CkvemanI hyhØbpsS kXy\njvTbpw {]tbmK Xe¯nepÅ AXnsâ A\p{Kl§fpw hnhcn¨psImSp¡pw. Cu Zznhn[ {ia§fneqsS cmPy \nhmknIsf kXyaX¯nte¡p {]t_m[\w sN¿p¶Xmbncn¡pw. \nehnepÅ `cWhyhØsb¡pdn¨p ap¼v AwKoIcn¨ Cu Xocpam\w Ct¸mgpw \nehnepWvSv.

""CtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ CkvemanI {]Øm\¯nsâ {]NmcW¯n\pw sam¯¯nepÅ XmÂ]cy§Ä¡pw thWvSn \nehnepÅ `cWIqS¯nsâ Iogn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ hnZym`ymkþkmaqlnIt£a Øm]\§fnÂ\n¶v idCsâ ]cn[n¡I¯p \n¶psImWvSv {]tbmP\§Ä kzoIcn¡pIbpw Ahsb IqSpX {]tbmP\Icam¡m\pÅ {ia§Ä \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv. IqSmsX, Ckvemansâbpw CkvemanI {]Øm\¯nsâbpw A\nhmcy XmÂ]cy§Ä¡p thWvSn, PamA¯nsâ Xocpam\§Ä¡\pkrXambn, cmjv{SobØm]\§sfbpw {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. D]cypàamb FÃm cq]¯nepw, Cu {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯Â Iq«mb Xocpam\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nembncn¡Wsa¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw Zo£n¡p¶Xmbncn¡pw.''

ASnb´cmhØ¡p tijw

1975 Pq¬ 26þmwXnbXn cmPy¯v \S¸m¡s¸« ASnb´cmhØ C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckvemansb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw \nÀWmbIambncp¶p. XnI¨pw A\ymbambpw AImcWambpw kwLS\ \ntcm[n¡s¸SpIbpw t\Xm¡fpw {]hÀ¯Icpw DÄs¸sS 700þ ]cw t]À ImcmKrl¯neS¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. sslµh Xo{hhmZn {]Øm\amb BÀ.Fkv.Fknt\msSm¸w, k´penXXzw \ne\nÀ¯m³ PamAs¯ Ckvemansb _enbmSm¡pIbmbncp¶p Cµncm kÀ¡mÀ. ]t£, \oXnam\mb AÃmlp Xsâ ASnaIsf klmbn¡pI Xs¶ sNbvXp. _mlyamb FÃm IW¡pIq«epIfpw X\n¡\pIqeamsW¶p IWvS {ioaXn CµncmKmÔn 1977þ s]mXpsXcsªSp¸v {]Jym]n¨p. {]Xn]£w Häs¡«mbn AhÀs¡Xnsc AWn\nc¶p. ASnb´cmhØ FSp¯pIfbm\pw tI{µkÀ¡mcn\v AanXm[nImc§Ä Dd¸phcp¯p¶ 42þmw `cWLS\m t`ZKXn d±m¡m\pw kwLS\IfpsS t]cnepÅ \ntcm[w \o¡m\pambncn¡pw X§Ä kÀhYm {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¡pIsb¶v AhÀ P\§Ä¡v Dd¸p \ÂIn. PamA¯v \ntcm[n¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmbncp¶psh¦nepw, t\Xm¡fpw {]hÀ¯Icpw kµÀ`¯ns\m¯v DbÀ¶p. {]hÀ¯\ kzmX{´yw hosWvSSp¡m\pw, cmPys¯ GIm[n]Xy {]hWXIfnÂ\n¶v c£n¡m\pw CeIvjs\ {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯p¶Xv XnI¨pw CkvemanIhpw \ymbhpamb AhImiamsW¶hÀ a\Ênem¡n. temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸nepw XpSÀ¶p \S¶ kwØm\ Akw»n sXcsªSp¸pIfnepw PamA¯v {]Xn]£¯n\\pIqeambn thm«v tcJs¸Sp¯n. ^ew k´pjvSn¡pw kwXr]vXn¡pw hI \ÂIp¶Xmbncp¶p. Cµncm kÀ¡mÀ Xd]än; P\Xm Kh¬saâv A[nImc¯n h¶p. ASnb´cmhØ \o§n; `cWLS\m t`ZKXn d±mbn. PamAs¯ Ckveman¡v {]hÀ¯\ kzmX{´yw hoWvSpIn«n. F¶mÂ, AwK§Ä AÃm¯ PamA¯v {]hÀ¯IÀ Ncn{X¯nemZyambn X§fpsS k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKn¨Xv Hcn¡epw GsX¦nepw ]mÀ«n¡\pIqeamtbm {]XnIqeamtbm GsX¦nepw A\nkvemanI {]Xybimkv{Xt¯mSpÅ hnt[bXzw aqetam Bbncp¶nsöXv {]tXyIw {i²n¡s¸tSWvSXmWv. kwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\ kzmX{´yw ]p\xØm]n¡s¸Sm\pw cmPy¯v P\m[n]Xy]chpw auenIhpamb AhImi§Ä hoWvSpIn«phm\pw hgn Xpd¡pIbmbncp¶p PamA¯nsâ e£yw. AXn\mÂXs¶, kmlNcyw amdpIbpw, 1980þ P\Xm Kh¬saânsâ ]X\s¯¯pSÀ¶v CS¡me sXcsªSp¸v thWvSnhcnIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ PamA¯v CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡pItbm k½XnZm\mhImiw BÀs¡¦nepw A\pIqeamtbm {]XnIqeamtbm D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pItbm sNbvXnÃ. NneÀ Btcm]n¡pw
t]mse, P\Xm Kh¬saânt\mSv GsX¦nepw {]Xn_²Xtbm tIm¬{Kknt\mSv Øncamb im{Xhtam PamA¯n\pWvSmbncp¶psh¦n 1980þse sXcsªSp¸nepw AXnse AwK§Ä thm«v tcJs¸Sp¯pambncp¶phtÃm.

F¶mÂ, 1977 amÀ¨n PamAs¯ Ckveman {]hÀ¯\w ]p\cmcw`n¨tijw sXcsªSp¸p\bw NÀ¨mhnjbam¡pIbpw ]p\x]cntim[n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. AXnsâ `mKambncp¶p 1978 sabv 26 apX 30 hsc t`m]men tNÀ¶ PamA¯wK§fpsS AJnte´ym I¬sh³j³. kt½f\¯n C\n ]dbp¶ hnjb§Ä khnkvXcw NÀ¨ sN¿s¸«p:

1) cmPy¯v \nehnepÅ hyhØbpsS kz`mhw. 2) C´ybn CJma¯p±o\n\pÅ amÀKw. 3) PamAs¯ Ckvemanbpw kmapZmbnI {]iv\§fpw. 4) PamAs¯ Ckvemanbpw CeIvj\pw. cmPy¯nse hyhØnXnsb¡pdn¨pÅ NÀ¨bnÂ, AXv A\nkvemanIhpw kXyhncp²hpamsW¶pw AXv amäpIbpw XZvØm\¯v kXyhyhØ
Øm]n¡pIbpamWv PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS e£ysa¶pw NÀ¨bn ]s¦Sp¯ FÃmhcpw s]mXpsh AwKoIcn¡pIbpWvSmbn. F¶m aäp hnjb§fn hyXykvXhpw `n¶hpamb ho£WKXnIÄ DbÀ¶ph¶p. PamA¯nsâ CXx]cy´apÅ CeIvj³ \b¯n Hcp amähpw kt½f\w \nÀtZin¡pIbpWvSmbnÃ.

AtXmsSm¸w, sXcsªSp¸ns\ e£y{]m ]vXn¡pÅ amÀKambn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯Wsa¶ A`n{]mbKXn PamA¯n iàns¸«phcnIbmbncp¶p. bpàsa¶ptXm¶p¶ kµÀ`¯n sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡p¶XmsW¶v PamA¯v t]mfnknbn apt¼ ]dªpt]m¶n«pWvSv. 1981þ1986 Imes¯ t]mfnkn t{]m{Kmansâ BapJ¯n C{]Imcw tcJs¸Sp¯nbXmbn ImWmw:

""e£y{]m]vXn¡v JpÀBsâbpw kp¶¯nsâbpw \nÀtZi§f\pkcn¨v [mÀanIhpw \nÀamW]chpw kam[m\]qÀhIhpw \nbam\pkrXhpamb amÀK§fmWv PamAs¯ Ckveman Ahew_n¡p¶Xv.

""hnizkvXX¡pw kXykÔX¡pw \nc¡m¯tXm, hÀKobsshchpw hÀKobkwL«\hpw \m«n Iem]hpw krjvSn¡p¶tXm Bb FÃm Imcy§fnÂ\n¶pw PamA¯v hn«p\n¡p¶XmWv. "kam[m\]chpw \nbam\pkrXhpw' F¶Xnsâ hnh£bn sXcsªSp¸v cmjv{Sob¯n ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xpw DÄs¸Sp¶p. BIbm PamA¯v kz´w XXz§Ä¡p hnt[bambn bpàamb kµÀ`¯n sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦S¡p¶XmWv.''

1983 G{]n amk¯n C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman AaoÀ auem\m A_pssÃkpambn "Juan Bhmkv' ]{X¯nsâ {]Xn\n[n \S¯nb CâÀhyqbn C{]Imcw tNmZn¡pIbpWvSmbn: ""\nehnepÅ P\m[n]Xy kwhn[m\¯n hnizmkanÃm¯XpsImWvSmtWm, PamA¯v sXcsªSp¸pIfn ]s¦Sp¡m¯Xv?''

AaoÀ adp]Sn \ÂIn: ""PamA¯v sXcsªSp¸pIfnÂ\n¶v hn«p\n¡m\pÅ ImcWw tNmZy¯n kqNn¸n¨XÃ. ]mÝmXy³ P\m[n]Xyhpw CkvemanI P\m[n]Xyhpw X½n A´capWvSv.
]mÝmXy P\mb¯¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepÅ cmjv{Sobkwhn[m\w AXnsâ FÃm hi§tfmSpwIqSn kzoImcyamsW¶p R§Ä IcpXp¶nÃ. F¶m GIm[nXy]chpw ka{Km[n]Xy]chpamb kwhn[m\§sf At]£n¨v Cu kwhn[m\w F{Xtbm sa¨s¸«Xpw ap³KW\mÀlhpamIp¶p. AXn\m CeIvj\nÂ\n¶pÅ PamA¯nsâ hn«p\nÂ]ns\ \nehnepÅ cmjv{Sob kwhn[m\t¯mSpÅ A\njvShpambn _Ôn¸n¡p¶Xv icnbÃ. CeIvj\n ]s¦Sp¡m³ A\ptbmPyamb ]cnØnXnbà Ct¸mÄ DÅXv F¶XmWv AXnsâ bYmÀY ImcWw. A\ptbmPyamb kµÀ`¯n PamA¯n\p sXcsªSp¸n ]s¦Sp¡mhp¶XmsW¶v R§fpsS t]mfnkn t{]m{Kman FgpXnbXv \n§Ä¡p ImWm³ Imgnbpw.''

tkm]m[nIamb A\phmZw

XpSÀ¶v, PamA¯nsâ D¶XXe¯n CeIvjs\¡pdn¨p \S¶ NÀ¨Ifn {]mapJyw e`n¨Xv, AwK§Ä k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKn¡p¶XnepÅ \ntcm[w FSp¯pIfbp¶ {]iv\¯n\mWv. ImcWw, CeIvj\n PamA¯n\p XmXznIambn ]s¦Sp¡mhp¶XmsW¶v t\cs¯ Xocpam\n¡s¸«ncp¶p. {]tbmK¯n AXn\p kmlNcyw A\pIqeambn¯oÀ¶n«nsöpw s]mXpsh a\Ênem¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. adphi¯v, {]Øm\¯nsâ kzm[o\hebw hnIkn¨p hcp¶Xn\\pkcn¨v, cmPy¯nse amä§Ä \·¡pw {]Øm\¯n\pw Ckveman\pw kapZmb¯n\pw A\pIqeam¡n¯oÀ¡pamdv {]Øm\_Ôp¡fpsS k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKnt¡WvSXnsâ BhiyIXbpw t_m[ys¸«psImtWvS h¶p. Cu ]cnXØnXnbnembncp¶p, 1984 G{]nenepw HIvtSm_dnepw \hw_dnepw tbmKw tNÀ¶v aPvenkv iqd thm«hImi hne¡v \o¡w sN¿p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v khnkvXcamb hnNn´\w \S¯nbXv. \hw_dnse tbmKw, PamA¯v AwK§Ä¡v thm«p tcJs¸Sp¯m³ tkm]m[nIw A\phmZw \ÂImhp¶XmsW¶p XmXznIambn Xocpam\n¨p. bYmÀY¯nÂ, 1967 P\phcnbn iqdm Xs¶ ssIs¡mWvS Hcp Xocpam\¯nsâ shfn¨¯nembncp¶p ]pXnb Xocpam\w(AXv t\cs¯ D²cn¨n«pWvSv). thm«hImiw hn\ntbmKn¡p¶Xn\pÅ D]m[nIÄ ]Tn¨v in]mÀi sN¿m³ iqd Hcp D]kanXnsb \ntbmKn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. D]kanXn kaÀ¸n¨ ip]mÀiIfpsS shfn¨¯nÂ, 1985 s^{_phcn 15 apX 20 hsc tbmKw tNÀ¶ aPvenkv iqdm Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xocpam\w ssIs¡mWvSp:

""\njn²§fpsSbpw kÀhhn[ Xn·IfpsSbpw \nÀaqe\hpw cmPy¯v am\pjnI aqey§fpsS {]NmcWhpamWv PamAs¯ Ckveman B{Kln¡p¶sX¶v AXnsâ {]t_m[\¯nÂ\n¶pw \b]cn]mSnIfnÂ\n¶pw \Ãt]mse hyàamIp¶XmWv. A{Iahpw A\oXnbpw CÃmXm¡n \ymbhpw \oXnbpw kwØm]n¡m\mWv AXv ]cn{ian¡p¶Xv. a\pjysâ auenImhImi§Ä, hninjym, Poh\pw [\hpw A`nam\hpw ]qÀWambn kpc£nXambncn¡Wsa¶v AXv B{Kln¡p¶p. kmaqlnIþkm¼¯nI \oXn FÃmhÀ¡pw kp{]m]yambncn¡Ww. hÀKobXbpw kmwkvImcnIamb B{IaWhmRvObpw Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbpw GIm[n]Xyþka{Km[n]Xy {]hWXIfpsS ]gpXS¡s¸SpIbpw thWw. P\m[n]Xy aqey§Ä hfÀ¶p ]cn]pjvSambn¯ocWw. cmPy¯v \ne\n¡p¶ km¼¯nI NqjW amÀK§Ä Ahkm\n¸n¡s¸SpIbpw Zmcn{Zyhpw ]«nWnbpw tcmKhpw AÚXbpw D·qe\w sN¿s¸SpIbpw thWw. AkaXzw, D¨\oNXzw, sF¯w XpS§nb kmaqlytZmj§Ä¡dpXnhcp¯n ]n¶m¡ hn`mK§sf km¼¯nIþkmaqlnI taJeIfnte¡v DbÀ¯s¸SWw. {]mtZinIhpw `mjm]chpamb ]£]mXnXz§fpw aXþ`mjmþkmwkvImcnI \yq\]£§tfmSpÅ hntZzjhpw AkvXan¡Ww. CsXms¡bmWv PamA¯nsâ B{Klw.

""\½psS cmPyw hyXykvX aXþkmwkvImcnI \yq\]£§fpsS sXm«nemWv. X§fpsS hyànXzhpw `mjbpw khntij kwkvImchpw ]cnc£n¡m\pw
]pjvSns¸Sp¯m\papÅ AhImiw `cWLS\ AhÀ¡v Dd¸p\ÂInbn«pWvSv. ZuÀ`mKyhimÂ, Cu auenImhImi§fpsS ]mXbn kmwkvImcnIamb B{IaW a\xØnXnbpw hÀKob hntZzjhpw iàamb {]Xn_Ôw krjvSn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. CXv kmapZmbntImZv{KY\¯n\pw cmPy¯nsâ `{ZX¡pw Hcpt]mse lm\nIcambn `hn¡p¶p. hninjym, Cu hnjbIambn hyàn\nbaw, aX hnZym`ymkw, hJ^pIÄ, `mj XpS§nb kp{][m\ apkvenw {]iv\§Ä A`napJoIcn¡p¶ k¦pNnXhpw hntZzjmßIhpamb kao]\s¯bpw A\nÝnXXzs¯bpw kw_Ôn¨p IqSpX hniZoIcnt¡WvS BhiyanÃ. GIm[n]Xy]chpw ka{Km[n]Xy]chpamb {]hÀ¯\coXn CjvSs¸SpIbpw A¯cw {]hWXIÄ {]ISam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ iànIsfbpw Kuch]qÀhw IW¡nseSpt¡WvSXpWvSv. P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ
]p\xØm]\hpw ]cnc£Whpw PamA¯nsâ ]¡Â kp{][m\amb Hcmhiyas{X.

""PamA¯v AXnsâ e£y§fpw Dt±iy§fpw t\SnsbSp¡phm³ `cWLS\m]chpw P\m[n]Xy]chpw kam[m\]qÀhhpamb amÀK§fmWv Ahew_n¨phcp¶Xv. _lpP\m`n{]mbw hfÀ¯nsbSp¡m³ DZvt_m[\]chpw t{]cWmßIhpamb coXnIÄ D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nhcp¶p. s]mXpsh, PmXnþaX ]cnKW\IÄ IqSmsX sam¯w cmPy\nhmknIfpsSbpw hninjym apkvenw kaql¯nsâbpw klIcWþ]¦mfn¯§Ä PamA¯v B{Kln¡p¶p; AXn\mbn bXv\n¨psImWvSncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \½psS ZrjvSnbn Cu e£yw km[nXam¡p¶Xn\v sXcsªSp¸mIs«, ^e{]Zamb \sÃmcp amÀKw Xs¶. C¡mcW¯memWv 1977þ \S¶ Nne Akw»n sXcsªSp¸pIÄ P\m[n]Xy¯nsâ kwc£W¯nsâbpw AtXmS\p_Ôn¨v 42þmw `cWLS\m t`ZKXn d±v sN¿p¶Xnsâbpw apJy {]iv\§Ä cmPy¯nsâ ap¼msI h¶t¸mÄ PamA¯v AwK§Ä¡v thm«hImiw hn\ntbmKn¡m³ A\paXn \ÂInbXv. {]kvXpX ImgvN¸mSnsâ ASnØm\¯n 1985 s^{_phcnbn tNÀ¶ PamA¯nsâ tI{µ aPvenkv iqdbpsS Cu tbmKw ]mÀesaâv Akw»n sXcsªSp¸pIfn Nne \n_Ô\IÄ¡p hnt[bambn PamA¯v AwK§Ä¡v k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKn¡mhp¶XmsW¶v Xocpam\n¨ncn¡p¶p.

""PamA¯nsâ taÂ]dª kp{][m\ e£y§tfmSv tbmPn¸pÅ Øm\mÀYnIÄ am{Xta, AbmÄ apkvenamIs« AapkvenamIs«, R§fpsS thm«n\v AÀlcmhpIbpÅq. Ahbv¡pthWvSn ]camh[n ]cn{ian¡psa¶v AhÀ hmKvZm\w sN¿pIbpw B hmKvZm\w ]men¡s¸Spsa¶v Ahsc¡pdn¨v {]Xo£bpWvSmbncn¡pIbpw thWw. IqSmsX R§fpsS thm«n\Àlcmb Øm\mÀYnIÄ cmPys¯ \yq\]£§Ä¡v, hninjym apkvenw \yq\]£¯n\v C´y³ `cWLS\ \ÂInb Dd¸pIsf¡pdn¨v sam¯¯n {KmlyXbpÅhcpw AhtbmSv A\p`mhw
]peÀ¯p¶hcpw Bbncnt¡WvSXpWvSv. X§Ä sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶]£w \yq\]£§fpsS \ne]mSn\pw Bhiy§Ä¡pw ]n´pW \ÂIpsa¶v am{XaÃ, AhÀ¡v tZjIcamIp¶ GXp \nba\nÀamWs¯bpw ]n´pW¡p¶XnÂ\n¶v Hgnªp\n¡psa¶p IqSn AhÀ hmKvZm\w sNt¿WvSXmWv.

""P\m[n]Xy i{Xp¡fpw \yq\]£hntcm[nIfpamb Nne hn`mK§fpw ChnsSbpsWvS¶XmWv \½psS cmPy¯nsâ asämcp lX`mKyw. GIm[n]Xy ka{Km[n]Xy hyhØItfmSv B`napJyw ]peÀ¯p¶ A¯cw GsX¦nepw ]mÀ«nbpambn _ÔapÅ Øm\mÀYnIÄ Hcn¡epw R§fpsS thm«n¶Àlcmbncn¡p¶XÃ.

""cmPyw IS¶pt]mbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶ [mÀanImcmPIXz¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯n Øm\mÀYnIfpsS kz`mhZmÀVyhpw PohnXhnip²nbpw IqSn ]cnKWnt¡WvSXv hfsc BhiyamWv. AXn\m X§fpsS ]cnNnX hr¯¯n kXykÔcpw kZvKpWk¼¶cpambn Adnbs¸Sp¶ hyànIfmbncn¡Ww thm«n\Àlcmb Øm\mÀYnIfmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸tSWvSXv.''

C¯csamcp Xocpam\w A\nhmcyam¡n¯oÀ¯ kmlNcy§sf C§s\ kw{Kln¡mw:

H¶v, cmPy¯v [ÀaNypXnbpw aqey¯IÀ¨bpw aps¼mcn¡epanÃm¯ hn[w cq£amhpIbpw kp{][m\ cmPyc£m clky§Ä hsc aZy¯n\pw aZncm£n¡pw thWvSn D¶X·mÀ hnÂ]\ \S¯p¶ ØnXntbmfw cwKw hjfmhpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. AgnaXn cmjv{SPohnXs¯bmkIew AÀ_pZw IWs¡ ImÀ¶pXn¶pIbmWv. Cu ]cnXØnXnbn XmcXtay\ [Àat_m[hpw PohnXhnip²nbpw IÀ¯hy \njvTbpapÅ P\{]Xn\n[nIÄ D¶X Xe§fn F¯ns¸Sm³ hgnsbmcpt¡WvSXv cmPy¯nsâ
s]mXp\·bn XmÂ]cyapÅ FÃmhcpsSbpw NpaXebmIp¶p.

cWvSv, ^mjnÌv Xo{hhÀKobiànIÄ aps¼¶t¯¡mfpw Icp¯mÀPn¨ncn¡p¶p. aX \yq\]£§fpsS \ne\nÂ]n\pw kpc£nXXz¯n\pw t\scbpÅ Cu `ojWn \mÄ¡p\mÄ iàns¸«phcnIbmWv. skIypednkt¯mSpÅ {]Xn_²X BWbn«p ]dbp¶ `cWm[nImcnIfmhs«, thm«pIÄ¡pw koäpIÄ¡pw thWvSnbpÅ hy{KXbn A¯cw iànIsf {]oWn¸n¡p¶Xmbn«mW\p`hw. Cu kmlNcy¯n aX\nct]£Xbnepw aXssa{Xnbnepw \yq\]£§fpsS kpc£nXXz¯nepw XmcXtay\ BßmÀYXbpÅhÀ Pbn¨phcm³ k½XnZmbIÀ
s]mXphnepw \yq\]£§Ä hntijn¨pw {]tXyI XmÂ]cysaSpt¡WvSXmWv.

aq¶v, CkvemanI{]Øm\w ssiihZi ]n¶n«v {ItaW hfcpIbpw hnIkn¡pIbpw sNbvXpsImWvSncn¡p¶Xn \mw kÀhiàs\ kvXpXn¡p¶p. s]mXp\·sb em¡m¡n {]Øm\w kwLSn¸n¡p¶ kwcw`§fn ZriyamIp¶ P\Iob ]¦mfn¯w t{]mÂkmlP\Ihpw kt´mjZmbIhpamWv. P\§fpsS Cu HuÂkpIys¯, cmPy¯nsâ `mKt[bs¯ \·bpsS iànIÄ¡v A\pIqeam¡n¯oÀ¡m\pÅ {ia¯n ^e{]Zambn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯m³, k½XnZm\mhImiw hn\ntbmKnt¡WvSXv Bhiyambn¯oÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶p cmPy¯v \S¶ temIk`, \nbak`, ]©mb¯v, \Kck` sXcsªSp¸pIfn D]cypà D]m[nIÄ¡v hnt[bambn C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman AwK§fpw {]hÀ¯Icpw thm«v tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpWvSmbn«pWvSv.

^mjnk¯ns\Xnsc
P\m[n]XyiànIfpsS Iq«mbva

1995 HIvtSm_dn UÂlnbn tNÀ¶ C´y³ PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS tI{µ IqSnbmtemN\m kanXn cmPys¯ \nehnepÅ ØnXnKXnIÄ hnebncp¯pIbpw kp{][m\amb Nne Xocpam\§sfSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
Bk¶amb s]mXpsXcsªSp¸nsâ ]Ým¯e¯nÂ, hÀ[n¨phcp¶ ^jnÌp iàIfpsS apt¶ä¯n\v XSbnSm³ P\m[n]Xy iànIfpsS Iq«mbva cq]s¸tSWvSXnsâ BhiyIX Du¶n¸dª tI{µiqdm XZvkw_Ôambn Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xocpam\§sfSp¡pIbpWvSmbn:

• CkvemanI {]Øm\¯nsâ \ne\nÂ]n\pw
  ]ptcmKXn¡pw, cmPys¯ aX\yq\]£§fpsSbpw apkvenwkapZmb¯nsâbpw hyànXzw Im¯pkq£n¡p¶Xn\pw cmPy¯v \oXn\njvTamb Hcp hyhØ \nehn hcp¯p¶Xn\pw cmjv{Sob {]{Inbbn ]¦psImtÅWvSXv A\nhmcyamWv.
• cmPy¯v P\m[n]Xym´co£w \ne\nÀ¯m\pw hÀ[n¨phcp¶ Xo{hhmZs¯bpw hÀKobXsbbpw sNdp¡m\pw ]n¶m¡ hn`mK§fpsSbpw kv{XoIfpsSbpw AÀlamb AhImi§Ä A\phZn¨pIn«m\pw s]mXpP\m`n{]mbw kzcq]n ¡m³ PamA¯v ]cn{ian¡pw. AXn\pthWvSn skan\mÀ, knt¼mknbw, s]mXptbmKw, tImÀWÀ aoänwKv, {Kq¸v NÀ¨IÄ XpS§nb ]cn]mSnIÄ kwLSn¸n¡pw.
• aqeym[njvTnX cmjv{Sob¯n\pw cmjv{Sob¯nse {Inan\eoIcWw XSbp¶Xn\pw ]cn{ian¡pw.
• tZiobþkwØm\ cmjv{Sob ØnXnKXnIÄ hniIe\w sN¿m\pw AXv PamA¯nsâ tZiob t\XrXzs¯ t_m[ys¸Sp¯m\pw PamA¯p tI{µ¯n Hcp cmjv{Sob sk cq]hXvIcn¡pw.
• hÀKobX¡pw ^mjnk¯n\psaXnsc Nn´n¡p¶ cmjv{SobI£nIfpambn _Ôs¸SpIbpw At\ym\yapÅ InSaÕcw Hgnhm¡n sXcsªSp¸n ]ckv]c [mcWbpWvSm¡phm\pw hÀKob I£nIÄs¡Xnsc Hcp s]mXpØm\mÀYn F¶ Bibw AwKoIcn¸n¡phm\pw {ian¡pw. {Inan\enk¯nsâbpw hÀKobXbpsSbpw Id]p cfm¯, kz´w \ntbmPIaÞe¯nse thm«ÀamÀ¡nSbn kpk½X\mb Øm\mÀYnIsf IsWvS¯m³ cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«nIsf t{]cn¸n¡pw.
• aÞe¯n taÂ]dª [mcW¡pthWvSnbpÅ {iaw hnPbn¡msXh¶m hÀKobXsb FXnÀ¡p¶ P\]n´pWbpÅ Øm\mÀYnsb IsWvS¯pIbpw At±l¯n\pthWvSn thm«ÀamcpsS A`n{]mbw kzcq]n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.
• F^v.Un.kn.FbpsSbpw aäpw klmbt¯msS ta ]dª D]m[nItfmsS PamA¯nsâ ]n ´pW¡v AÀlcmbn¯ocp¶ Øm\mÀYnIÄ¡pthWvSn thm«Àamsc t_m[h¡cn¡pw.

temIk`m CeIvj\n ^mjnÌv hÀKob iànIsf tXmÂ]n¡m³ {]m]vXcmb atXXc Øm\mÀYnIÄ¡mWv FÃm sXcsªSp¸pIfnepw PamAs¯ Ckveman thm«v sNbvXph¶n«pÅXv. Xs¶bpaà 1999þepw 2004þepw sXcsªSp¸n\pap¼v atXXc Pm[n]Xy iànIfpsSbpw aX\yq\]£§fpsSbpw thm«pIfpsS ssiYneyw^mjnÌpIÄ¡v KpWIcamhmXncn¡m³ PamA¯v ]camh[n ]WnsbSp¡pIbpWvSmbn. CtXähpw k^eambXv 2004þse temIk`m sXcsªSp¸nembncp¶p. tIcf¯nse kwØm\ \nbak` sXcsªSp¸pIfn cWvSv atXXc ap¶WnIfmWv Øncambn Gäpap«p¶ {]_e iànIÄ. ^mjnÌv iànIÄ CtXhsc \nbak`bn F¡uWvSv Xpd¶n«nÃ. AXn\m kÀ¡mcpIfpsS {]ZÀi\hpw hyànIfpsS aqey\njvTbpw hnebncp¯n Ccp ap¶WnIfpsSbpw Øm\mÀYnIfn XmcXtay\ sImÅmhp¶hsc ]n ´pW¡mdmWv ]Xnhv. cmPy¯v aX\yq\]£§fptSXS¡w FÃm hn`mKw ]uc·mcpsSbpw P\m[n]XymhImi§Ä kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶tXmsSm¸w CJma¯p±o\n\p thWvSnbpÅ {]hÀ¯\ kzmX{´yw \ne\n¡pI F¶XmWv PamA¯v CX]cy´w kzoIcn¨ph¶ CeIvj³ \b¯nsâ A´Ê¯.

{]mtZinI sXcsªSp¸pIfnÂ
{InbmßI ]¦p hln¡pw  

C´y³ PamAs¯ Ckveman AXnsâ Dt±iye£y§Ä t\SnsbSp¡p¶Xn\pthWvSn kam[m\]chpw `cWLS\m\pkrXhpw P\m[n]Xy]chpamb amÀK§fmWv Ahew_n¡mdpÅXv. PamA¯nsâ {]t_m[\w apgph³ a\pjytcmSpamWv. AXn\m cmPys¯ apgph³ P\§fpsSbpw {]iv\§Ä AXv kz´w {]iv\§fmbmWv KWn¡p¶Xv. A{Iahpw A\oXnbpw Ahkm\n¸n¨v \oXn ]p\xØm]n¡m³ PamAs¯ Ckveman {]XnÚm_²amWv. auenIa\pjymhImi§Ä hninjym, Poh\pw [\hpw A`nam\hpw kwc£n¡m\pw ^mjnks¯ Xfbv¡m\pw Zmcn{Zyw, tcmKw, AÚX F¶nh \njvImk\w sN¿m\pw kmaqlnI D¨\oNXz§Ä CÃmbva sN¿m\pw AXm{Kln¡p¶p. Cu e£ykm[y¯n\v aXþkapZmb t`Zat\y cmPys¯ apgph³ P\§fpsSbpw klIcWw PamA¯v B{Kln¡pIbpw AXn\mbn ]cn{ian¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. XmcXtay\ sa¨s¸« hyànXzw ]p eÀ¯p¶hcpw P\m[n]Xyaqey§fn ASnbpd¨p\n¡p¶hcpamb hyànIÄ sXcsªSp¡s¸SpI F¶ Dt±iyt¯msS ]mÀesaâvþAkw»n sXcsªSp¸pIsf kzm[o\n¡m\pw kwLS\ {ian¡p¶p. s]mXpP\¯nsâ {]iv\§Ä a\Ênem¡n Ffp¸w ]cnlmcapWvSm¡m³ km[n¡p¶ Xt±iØm]\§Ä¡v C´y³ P\m[n]XyhyhØbn henb {]m[m\yapWvSv. ZuÀ`mKyhim Ahbnte¡v sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶hcn `qcn`mKhpw s]mXp{]iv\§fn XmÂ]cyw Ipdªhcpw sshbànIþhn`mKob XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIp¶hcpamWv. C¡mcW¯m Xt±iØm]\§Ä¡v e`yamb A[nImc§fpsSbpw hn`h§fpsSbpw {]tbmP\w s]mXpP\§fnse¯msX t]mIp¶p. am{XaÃ, Nne kwØm\§fnse Xt±iØm]\§fn ^mjnÌpIfpsS iànbpw kzm[o\hpw h¼n¨XmWv. hÀKob ]£]mXnXz§fpsSbpw hntZzj¯nsâbpw A´co£w AXphgn iàns¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu kmlNcy§Ä aqeapÅ tZmja\p`hn¡p¶Xv \yq\]£§fmWv. hninjym apkvenwIfpw aäp ]n¶m¡ hn`mK§fpw. Cu ]Ým¯e¯n 2005 sk]väw_À 17 apX 20 hsc XobXnIfn tNÀ¶ PamAs¯ Ckveman tI{µ aPvenkv iqd Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xocpam\§Ä ssIs¡mWvSncn¡p¶p:

\Ãhcpw hnizkvXcpw tkh\XÂ]ccpw D¯chmZnXzt_m[apÅhcpw Imcy\nÀhlWtijnbpÅhcpamb BfpIÄ sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶Xn\pthWvSn PamA¯v Xt±iØm]\§fnte¡pÅ sXcsªSp¸pIfn {InbmßI ]¦mfn¯w hln¡pw. AXn\mbn PamA¯v hyànkw`mjWw, kvtImUpIÄ, s]mXp{]`mjW§Ä, IhetbmK§Ä, eLpteJm hnXcWw XpS§n apgph³ amÀK§fpw Ahew_n¡pw.

]qÀWhnizmkt¯msSbpÅ P\tkh\hpw hym]Iamb A[mÀanIXIÄ¡v XSbn«psImWvSpÅ s]m XpP\¯nsâ {]iv\]cnlmchpw km[yamIp¶ hn[w, cmPy¯nsâbpw kapZmb¯nsâbpw ISp¯ k½ÀZw XmÂ]cys¸Spt¼mÄ AwK§Ä DÄs¸sSbpÅ PamA¯v {]hÀ¯IÀ¡v sXcsªSp¸n aÕcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

PamA¯v _ÔapÅ Øm\mÀYnIÄ \nehnenÃm¯nS§fn \nÀWnX D]m[nIÄ¡p hnt[bambn, \Ãh\mbn Adnbs¸Sp¶; ^mjnÌv hncp²\mb; sXcsªSp¡s¸«m aXþhwiþ`mjmþI£n hyXymk§Ä¡XoXambn P\tkh\w \S¯psa¶v hm¡p\ÂInb; aZy]m\w, A[mÀanIX, AgnaXn F¶o Xn·IfnÂ\n¶v {]tZis¯ c£n¡m³ {]XnÚm_²\mb; A\mYÀ, hn[hIÄ, AwKsshIeyapÅhÀ, Ahihn`mK§Ä F¶nhÀ¡pÅ tkh\¯n hogvNhcp¯m¯; hnZym`ymkþkm¼¯nIþImÀjnIþNnInÕm kuIcy§fpsS kamlcW¯n bmsXmcp hn[ hnthN\hpw ImWn¡m¯; kapZmb kulmÀZ¯nsâbpw kam[m\¯nsâbpw \ne\n¸pw Pohsâbpw A`nam\¯nsâbpw kwc£Whpw aptJym¯chmZnXzambn KWn¡p¶ Øm\mÀYn¡v thm«p\ÂIpw.