\mep \qämWvSp Imet¯mfw apkvenwIÄ A©pt\cw \akvImcw \nÀÆln¨p t]m¶ _m_cn akvPnZv apkvenw kapZmb¯n\hImis¸«Xpw AhcpsS DSaØXbepÅXpamb Hcmcm[\mebamWv. _m_À N{IhÀ¯nbpsS KhÀ®dmbncp¶ aoÀ _mJn 1528  \nÀ½n¨ Cu akvPnZv C´y³ apkvenwIfsS hnes¸« kmwkvImcnI ss]XrI§fnsem¶pIqSnbmbncp¶p.

1949 apX Cu akvPnZv Hcp XÀ¡Øeambn¯pScp¶Xv amdn amdn hcp¶ tI{µ Kh¬saâpIfpw bp.]n. kwØm\ Kh¬saâpIfpw \S¯ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶ lo\amb h©\bpsS ^eamWv. 1949þ ]Åbn hÀKob {`m´³amÀ AXn{Ian¨v IS¶v hn{Klw Øm]n¨Xv A¶s¯ ss^km_mZv PnÃm A[nIrXcpsS H¯mktbmsSbmbncp¶p. A{IanIsf Hgn¸n¨v akvPnZv apkvenwIsf Xncnt¨Â¸n¡m³ A¶s¯ {][m\a{´n PhlÀem s\lvdp Bhiys¸«n«pw kwØm\ Kh¬saâvAXv sNhn sImÅm³ X¿mdmbnÃ. AhÀ ]Ån ]q«n ko sN¿pIbmWpWvSmbXv. {]iv\w tImSXnbnse¯nsb¦nepw, hÀKob ^mknÌpIfpsS CwKnX¯ns\m¯ hn[nbpWvSmhm³ ss\XnIamb bmsXmcp ]gpXpanÃm¯Xn\m tIkv A\´ambn \o«ns¡mWvSpt]mIp¶ IpX{´w kzoIcn¡s¸«p. 1986  {][m\a{´n cmPohv KmÔn _m_cn akvPnZv Xpd¶v AXn hn{Klmcm[\ \S¯m\pw ]Ån apä¯v cmat£{X¯n\v inem\ymkw \S¯m\pw hÀKob ^mjnÌpIsf A\phZn¨p. XnI¨pw \oXn hncp²hpw A[mÀanIhpamb Cu \S]SnIÄ aX{`m´³amcm 1992 Unkw_À 6þmw XnbXn _m_cn akvPnZv k¼À®ambn XIÀ¡s¸SpI F¶ Zpc´¯nte¡v \bn¨p. XIÀ¡s¸« ]Ån ]p\xØm]n¡pI F¶ hmKvZm\w ]men¡m\pw tI{µ Kh¬satâm kwØm\ Kh¬satâm X¿mdmbnÃ. ]Icw XÂØm¯v Xm¡menIambn t£{Xw \nÀan¨v Bcm[\ \S¯m\pÅ kuIcyw sNbvXvsImSp¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv.

C´ybpsS atXXc bÈknt\ä XocmIf¦amWv _m_cn [zwk\w. KpPdm¯v Iem]¯n\v ap¼v temI¯n\p ap¼n C´ym cmPyw C{Xt¯mfw \mWw sI« asämchkcapWvSmbXv KmÔnPn h[n¡s¸«t¸mÄ am{XamWv. AXn ]s£ kÀ¡mcnsâ sISpImcyØXt¡m lo\amb X{´§Ät¡m ]¦pWvSmbncp¶nÃ.

_m_cn akvPnZv [zwk\w apkvenw kapZmb¯ns\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw C´ybnepÅ ]X\mbnc¡W¡n\v ]ÅnIfn H¶nsâ \jvSw am{XaÃ, AXv aX-kzmX{´y¯n\pw apkvenw kapZmb¯nsâ kmwkvImcnIamb AkvXnXz¯n\pw Bßm`nam\¯n\pw t\scbpÅ Xpd¶ sImehnfnXs¶bmWv. _m_cn akvPnZv [zwk\¯nsâ XpSÀ¨ Xs¶bmbncp¶p AXn\p tijw Bcw`w Ipdn¨ apwss_ Iem]hpw KpPdm¯v hwilXybpw. AXvsImWvSv _m_cn [zwk\w apkvenwIÄ¡v HcpIme¯pw ad¡mt\m s]mdp¡mt\m IgnbnÃ.

Ac\qämWvSntesd Imeambn _m_cn akvPnZv tIkv tImSXnIfn InS¶v \nc§pIbmWv. tIkv A\´ambn \o«ns¡mWvSpt]mbn apkvenwIfpsS {]Xo£ sISp¯pI, A§s\ akvPnZv lnµp¡Ä¡v hn«psImSp¯psImWvSpÅ Hscm¯pXoÀ¸n\v Ahsc am\kIambn X¿mdm¡pI F¶ h©\mßIamb X{´amWv kÀ¡mÀ A\phÀ¯n¨phcp¶Xv. CXv ^mknÌpIfpsS [mÀjvSyw hfÀ¯m³ DXInbn«psWvS¦nepw \oXn¡pthWvSnbpÅ kapZmb¯nsâ t]mcm«s¯ XfÀ¯nbn«nÃ.

_m_cn akvPnZv {]iv\w ]cnlcn¡m³ cWvSv hgnIfpWvSv.

1. XIÀ¡s¸« akvPnZv ]p\À\nÀan¨v apkvenwIÄ¡v Xncn¨p \ÂIm\pÅ [mÀanI ss[cyhpw COmiànbpw C´ymKh¬saâv {]ISn¸n¡pI.

2. tIkn tImSXnbpsS hn[n AwKoIcn¡m³ apkvenwIÄ k¶²cmWv. AXvt]mse adpI£nsbbpw AXn\v k¶²cm¡pIbpw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v tIkv XoÀ¸m¡m³ kmlNcywtImSXnIÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ Hcp¡ns¡mSp¡pIbpw sN¿pI.