""C´ybnse sslµhthZ§Ä ssZhnIamsW¶v AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm?''

hnZy, hnÚm\w Fs¶ms¡bmWv thZsa¶ ]Z¯nsâ AÀYw. A[ymßÚm\sa¶mWv AXnsâ hnh£. thZ§Ä A]ucptjb§fmsW¶v hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶p. AXv a\pjy\nÀanXasöpw ssZht{]màamsW¶pw Nne thZ]ÞnX·mÀ AhImis¸SmdpWvSv. F¶m thZ§Ä kzbw A¯csamchImihmZap¶bn¡p¶nÃ.

Ncn{X¯nse FÃm P\kaql§fnte¡pw ssZhZqX·mÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn«psWvS¶pw ssZhnIktµiw \ÂIs¸«n«psWvS¶pw Ckvemw kn²m´n¡p¶p. AXn\m thZ§Ä Bcy·mÀ¡v AhXoÀWamb Znhyktµi§fpsS `mKamhm\pÅ km[yX \ncmIcn¡mt\m \ntj[n¡mt\m \ymbanÃ. F¶Ã, A¯csamcp km[yX XoÀ¨bmbpapWvSv. F¶m C¶v \nehnepÅ E¡v, bPpÊv, kmaw, AYÀhw F¶o \mep thZ§Ä ssZhnIamsW¶v IcpXmhXÃ. Ah a\pjy CSs]SepIÄ¡v \nc´cw hnt[bambXn\m auenIX \jvSamhpIbpw A]ucptjb§fÃmXmhpIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. C¡mcyw thZhnizmknIÄ Xs¶ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. tUmIvSÀ cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p:

""Bcy·mÀ AhcpsS BZna hmkØe¯p\n¶v X§fpsS Gähpw hne]nSn¨ k¼s¯¶ \nebn C´ybnte¡v sImWvSph¶ Znhy{]tNmZ\apÄs¡mWvS Km\§Ä tiJcn¨p kwc£nt¡WvSXnsâ Bhiyw ]pXnb cmPy¯v CXc tZh·msc Bcm[n¡p¶ hfscb[nIw P\§fpambn AhÀ¡v CSs]tSWvSnh¶t¸mÄ t\cn«Xn\m Ah kamlcn¡s¸«Xmbn s]mXpsh hnizkn¨phcp¶p...

""hfsc¡met¯mfw AYÀhthZ¯n\v Hcp thZ¯nsâ A´Êv ssIh¶ncp¶nÃ. F¦nepw \½psS Ct¸mgs¯ Dt±iys¯ kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw EtKzZw t]mse¯s¶ AYÀhthZhpw kzX{´§fmb DÅS¡§fpsS Ncn{X]camb kamlmcamIp¶p. Nn´bpsS Hcp ]n¡mebpK¯n \nÀan¡s¸« Cu thZ¯n hym]n¨p \n¡p¶Xv hn`n¶amb Hcp at\m`mhas{X. X§Ä ]Xps¡¸Xps¡ IogS¡ns¡mWvSncp¶ cmPy¯v ap¼pWvSmbncp¶ P\§Ä Bcm[n¨ncp¶ tZh·mcpsSbpw `qXt{]XmZnIfpsSbpw t\À¡v sshZnImcy·mÀ ssIs¡mWvS H¯pXoÀ¸v at\m`mh¯nsâ ^e§sf AXp ImWn¡p¶p''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, tImgnt¡mSv. ]pdw 44, 45).

thZ§fnse ssZhk¦Â]¯n t]mepw KpcpXcamb amäw kw`hn¨Xmbn tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ hnebncp¯p¶p.

1017 kqà§fpw 10472 E¡pIfpw 8 AjvSI§fpw 10 aÞe§fpapÅ EtKzZ¯nse ]¯mw aÞes¯¡pdn¨v cm[mIrjvW³ ]dbp¶p: ""]¯mw aÞew ]n¡me¯v Iq«nt¨À¯XmsW¶v tXm¶p¶p. thZkqà§fpsS hnImk¯nsâ Ahkm\L«¯n {]Nmc¯nencp¶ ho£W§fmWv AXneS§nbXv F¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃ. BZyImes¯ `àn\nÀ`camb IhnXbpsS P·kn²amb hÀWw CXn ZmÀi\nINn´bpsS hnfÀ¸v IeÀ¶v tcmK_m[nXambt]mse ImWs¸Sp¶p. krjvSnbpsS DÛhw apXemb hnjb§sf¡pdn¨pÅ Dulmt]ml{][m\§fmb kqà§Ä CXn ImWmw. Cu AaqÀ¯§fmb kn²m´NÀ¨ItfmsSm¸w AYÀhthZIme¯nte¡p tNÀ¶ AÔhnizmk]c§fmb BIÀjtWm¨mS\ a{´§fpw CXn ImWm\pWvSv. `mh{][m\§fmb kqà§fn kzbw A\mhcWw sNbvX a\Ênsâ {]mbsa¯ens\ kqNn¸n¡p¶hbmWv Dulmt]ml§fmb kqà§sf¦nÂ, AÔhnizmk]camb kqà§Ä ImWn¡p¶Xv, At¸mtg¡v C´ybnse BZna\nhmknIfpsS kn²m´§fpw BNmc§fpambn sshZnImcy·mÀ ]cnNbs¸«pIgnªncp¶p F¶mWv. ]¯mw aÞew ]n¡me¯pWvSmbXmWv F¶Xn\v Ch km£yw hln¡p¶p''( Ibid ]pdw 47).

EtKzZ¯nÂt]mepw Hcp ssZhnI{KÙ¯n\v H«pw tbmPn¡m¯hn[apÅ PmXobX IS¶pIqSnbXmbn ImWmw:

""{_mÒtWmky apJamkoZv

_mlq cmP\yx IrXx

Ducp XZky bssZziyx

]Zv`ymw iqt{Zm APmbX'' (EtKzZw 10: 90: 12)

(B {]Pm]Xn¡v {_ÒW³ apJambn, apJ¯n \n¶pÂ]¶ambn. £{Xnb³ _mlp¡fn \n¶pfhmbn. Ducp¡fnÂ\n¶v sshiy\pWvSmbn. AhnSs¯ ]mZ§fnÂ\n¶v iq{Z³ P\n¨p.)

EtKzZ¯nsâ cWvSmw `mK¯nsâ AhXmcnIbnÂ, thZ§fnse apgph³ `mKhpw C¶v e`yasöpw Ahbn ]eXpw Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«n«psWvS¶pw Ahyàhpw Zpcqlhpamb ]eXpw AhbnepsWvS¶pw F³.hn. IrjvWhmcnbÀ hyàam¡p¶p.

""thZ§Ä {]amZapà§tfm FÃmw DÄs¡mÅp¶tXm AsÃ''¶v tUm. Fkv. cm[mIrjvW³ Xsâ Indian Religions (t]Pv 22)epw sXfnbn¨p ]dªn«pWvSv. \tc{µ`qj¬ FgpXp¶p: ""{ItaW ]mTm´c§fpw imJIfpw \nehnÂhcnIbpw tem]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. NneÀ {_mÒW§sfbpw thZ§fn DÄs¸Sp¯n. C§s\ kwlnXbpw {_mÒWhpsaÃmw IqSn¡pgªt¸mÄ hymk³ Ahsb ]p\À\nÀWbw sNbvXncn¡mw. A§s\bmhmw hymk³ thZw ]Ips¯¶ IY \nehnÂh¶Xv... ChbnÂ\n¶v \ap¡v A\pam\n¡mhp¶Xv kwlnXIfpw {_mlvaW§fpw IqSn¡pgªv AÊ thZtaXv, {]hN\taXv, imJtbXv F¶v Xncn¨dnbm\mhmsX h¶ Hcp ImeL«apWvSmbncp¶psh¶mWv''(sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 51, 53).

kXy{hX ]t«ensâ `mjbnÂ, ""lnµpaX¯nsâ BZy t{kmXÊv thZamWv. apgphn`mK§fpw AXnt\mSv Iqdp]peÀ¯pIbpw AXnsâ auenIX AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Nne thZkqà§Ä \jvSs¸«n«pWvSv. F¦nepw Ct¸mÄ \nehnepÅhXs¶ [mcmfamWv'' ( Hinduism Religion and Way of Life. Page 5 ).

EtKzZw ]¯mw aÞe¯nse ]¯mw kqà¯n kz´w ktlmZcs\ ssewKnIthgvN¡p £Wn¡p¶ ktlmZcnbpsS `mjbpw ssienbpw Hcp ssZhnI {KÙ¯n\v H«pw A\ptbmPyaÃ. A{]ImcwXs¶ kqcy{KlWs¯bpw N{µ{KlWs¯bpw kw_Ôn¨ EtKzZ¯nsebpw AYÀhthZ¯nsebpw {]kvXmh§Ä A_²PSne§fpw AÔhnizmkm[njvTnX§fpas{X. AXn\m thZ§fn \o¡wsNt¿WvS ]eXpapsWvS¶v {]apJ sslµh ]ÞnX·mÀ Xd¸n¨p ]dªn«pWvSv. Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn FgpXp¶p: ""thZ§Ä Gähpw \nIrjvSambn«pÅ lnwk¡v A\paXn \ÂIp¶psh¶v am{XaÃ, AhsbÃmw sNt¿WvSXpXs¶bmsW¶v hnhcn¡p¶ Ht«sd a{´§fpWvSv. \njv]£aXnIfmbn«pÅ BÀ¡pw AXv IWvSnsöv `mhn¡m³ Ignbp¶XÃ. lnµp¡fpsS Gähpw DÂIrjvSamb {ipXn thZamsW¶v ]dbp¶ AtX \mhpsImWvSv AXn Gähpw lo\amb a{´§fpsWvS¶p IqSn ]dtbWvSnhcp¶Xv GsXmcp ]ÞnX¶pw ZpxJIcamb A\p`hw Xs¶bmWv. F¶mÂ, Nne ]ÞnX·mÀ Ncn{XkXy§tfmSv \oXnImWn¡msX, thZ§fnse \o¡wsN¿s¸tSWvSXmb Cu a{´§sf km[qIcn¡m\pw \ymboIcn¡m\pw {ian¡p¶Xv Hcn¡epw £´hyamsW¶v ]dbmhXÃ.''(KpcpIpew amknI. D²cWw, `mcXob \thm°m\¯nsâ cq]tcJ, t]Pv 212)

Npcp¡¯nÂ, \nehnepÅ thZ§Ä ssZhnI§tfm A]ucptjb§tfm BsW¶v thZhnizmknIÄ t]mepw AhImis¸SpIbnÃ. Ahbn ]eXpw Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«n«pWvSv, Ir{Xna§Ä¡ncbmbn«pWvSv, ]eXpw \jvSs¸«n«papWvSv. F¶m CXnsem«pw AÛpXanÃ. thZ§fpsS Ncn{Xw BÀ¡padnbnÃtÃm. AXnsâ Imes¯¡pdn¨pt]mepw KpcpXcamb A`n{]mbhyXymkamWpÅXv. {InkvXphn\p ap¼v 6000 hÀjamsW¶pw 4500 BsW¶pw 3000 BsW¶pw 1500 BsW¶psams¡ hmZn¡p¶hcpWvSv. CtX¡pdn¨v JÞnXambn Bcpw H¶pw ]dbp¶nÃ. Bcy·mÀ C´ybnse¯nb tijamWv Ah t{ImUoIcn¨sX¶ Imcy¯n ]£m´canÃ. thZmhXcW¯n\pw t{ImUoIcW¯n\panSbnse kpZoÀLamb ImehyXymkw Ahbnse KpcpXcamb amä§Ä¡pw Ir{Xna§Ä¡pw ImcWamhpI kzm`mhnIas{X. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""Bcy·mÀ IqsS sImWvSph¶ Nne [mcWIfpw hnizmk§fpw AhÀ C´ybpsS a®n XpSÀ¶v hnIkn¸n¨p. Cu kqà§Ä \nÀan¨Xn\p tijw hfsc \oWvS CS¡mew Ignªmbncp¶p Ah kamlcn¡s¸«Xv''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, ]pdw 46).

thZ§Ä {]IminXamb {]mà\ sshZnI`mj Xs¶ C¶nsöpw \nehnepÅ kwkvIrXw AXnsâ cq]m´camsW¶pw thZIme¯n\ptijw hfsc¡gnªmWv AXpWvSmbsX¶pw \tc{µ`qj¬ DÄs¸sSbpÅ ]ÞnX·mÀ hyàam¡p¶p (sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 27, 39).

C¯c¯nepÅ FÃm a\pjy CSs]SepIfnÂ\n¶pw Iq«nt¨À¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw sh«n¨pcp¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw Iq«n¡eÀ¯epIfnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw tamNnXamb, AhXcWw sXm«ntXhscbpÅ Ncn{Xw a\pjycminbpsS ap¼n sXfnªp\n¡p¶ {KÙw JpÀB³ am{XambXn\memWv AXns\ \nehnepÅ GI ssZhnI{KÙsa¶v ]dbp¶Xv. AXv ]qÀhnI ssZhnI {KÙ§sfsbÃmw kXys¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

""`KhXvKoXbpw ssZhnIasömtWm Xm¦fpsS A`n{]mbw?''

\nehnepÅ thZ§Ä a\pjy CSs]SepIÄ¡v hnt[bambn«psWvS¶v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³, F³.hn. IrjvWhmcnbÀ, \tc{µ`qj¬, kXy{hX ]t«Â t]mepÅ thZ]ÞnX·mÀ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbXmWv.

alm`mcX¯n Ipcpt£{Xbp²`qanbn IuchtcmSv bp²w sN¿m³ ]mÞh·mÀ sN¶t¸mÄ ]mÞhhoc\mb AÀPp\\v _ÔpP\§sf sImÃm³ henb ZpxJw tXm¶n. AÀPp\sâ tXcmfnbmb IrjvW³ AÀPp\sâ AØm\¯pÅ B lrZbZuÀ_eyw amäm³ ]dªpsImSp¯ XtXzm]tZiamWv KoXsb¶v hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶p. hymkalÀjnbmWv KoXbpÄs¸sSbpÅ alm`mcXw \nÀan¨Xv.

{ioIrjvW³ `Khmsâ AhXmcamsW¶pw AXn\m KoX `KhZvKoXbmsW¶pw {]Ncn¸n¡s¸Sp¶p. F¶m `Khm³ Hcn¡epw a\pjycq]¯n AhXcn¡nsöpw AhXcn¨n«nsöpamWv {]apJcmb sslµh ]ÞnX·mcpw ]cnjvIÀ¯m¡fpw hyàam¡p¶Xv. kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn C¡mcyw tNmtZym¯ccq]¯n C§s\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶p:

""{]iv\w: Cuizc³ AhXmcw kzoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm?

D¯cw: CÃ. Fs´¶m "AP GI ]mXv' (35þ53), "k]À¿KmXp{IaImbw' (40þ8) F¶p XpS§nb bPpÀthZ hN\§fnÂ\n¶v ]ctaizc³ P·w sImÅp¶nsöv a\ÊnemIp¶pWvSv.

{]iv\w:

bZm bZm ln [Àaky

¥m\nÀ`hXn `mcX

A`yp°m\ a[Àaky

XZmßm\w krPmaylw (`KhXv KoX A: 4 tÇmIw 7)

[Àa¯n\v tem]w hcpt¼msgÃmw Rm³ icocw [cn¡p¶p F¶v {ioIrjvW³ ]dbp¶pWvStÃm?

D¯cw: thZhncp²ambXpsImWvSv CXv {]amWamIp¶nÃ. [Àamßmhpw [Àas¯ c£n¡m³ COn¡p¶h\pamb {ioIrjvW³ "Rm³ bpKw tXmdpw P·w ssIs¡mWvSp injvS P\§sf ]cn]men¡pIbpw ZpjvS·msc kwlcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw' F¶n§s\ B{Kln¨n«pWvSmbncn¡mw. A§s\ sN¿p¶Xn tZmjsam¶panÃ. Fs´¶m "]tcm]Imcmb kXmw hn`qXbx' þkÖ\§fpsS icocw, a\Êv, [\w F¶nhsbÃmw ]tcm]Imc¯n\mbn«pÅXmWtÃm. F¶mepw {ioIrjvW³ CXpsImWvSv Cuizc\msW¶v hcphm³ XcanÃ''(kXymÀY {]Imiw, ]pdw 304, 305).

Cuizc\v AhXmcapWvSmhnsöv {iohmKv`Sm\µ Kpcphpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv (hmKv`Sm\µsâ k¼qÀW IrXnIÄ, ]pdw 357þ359, 751, 752. amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, tImgnt¡mSv).

KoXXs¶ AhXmc k¦Â]s¯ \ncmIcn¡p¶p:

AhPm\´n amw aqVm

am\pjow X\p am {inXw

]cw `mhaPm\t´m

aa `qX atlizcw

tamLmim tamL IÀ½mtWm

tamLÚm\m hntNXkx

cm£kn amkpcn ssNh

{]IrXow tamln\ow {ioXmx

(`qX§fpsS atlizcs\¶ ]caamb Fsâ `mhs¯ Adnbm¯ aqV·mÀ Fs¶ am\pjnIamb icocs¯ B{ibn¨h\mbn sXämbn a\Ênem¡p¶p. A§s\ Fs¶ [cn¡p¶hcpsS BiIfpw AhÀ sN¿p¶ IÀa§fpw AhÀ¡pÅ Úm\hpw \njv^e§fmWv. AhÀ AhnthInIfpw a\Êns\ tamln¸n¡p¶ cm£k {]IrXnsbbpw Akpc {]IrXnsbbpw B{ibn¨pÅhcmIp¶p.'' A[ymbw 9, cmP hnZym cmPKplytbmKw, tÇmIw 11, 12).

KoXbnse C¯cw kqà§Ä ZnhyhN\§fmhm\pÅ km[yX \ntj[n¡m\mhnÃ. F¶m {ioIrjvW³ `Khm\mbncp¶psh¶ k¦Â]w XoÀ¯pw sXämWv. KoXbpsS Xs¶ D]cypà {]kvXmh¯n\v ISIhncp²hpamWv. {ioIrjvW³ ssZhZqX\mhm\pÅ km[yXbmWv GsdbpÅXv. F¶m At±l¯nsâ hyàhpw kXykÔhpamb Ncn{Xw e`yaÃm¯Xn\m C¡mcy¯n JÞnXamsbmcp \nKa\¯nse¯pI km[yaÃ.

KoXbpsS hyàhpw JÞnXhpamb Ncn{Xw e`yaÃ. AXv alm`mcXbp²t¯mS\p_Ôn¨mtWm cNn¡s¸«sX¶ Imcy¯n t]mepw ho£W hyXymkapWvSv. KoXbpsS Imehpw hnhmZhnt[bamWv. {InkvXphn\p ap¼v A©mw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw \memw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw aq¶mw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw {InkvXphn\p tijw cWvSmw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw \memw \qämWvSnemsW¶psaÃmw A`n{]mbm´capWvSv. Cu AhyàXsb¡pdn¨v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""`KhZvKoX alm`mcX¯nsâ bYmÀY `mKamsW¶v \mw kzoIcn¨m Xs¶bpw AXn ]e ImeL«§fnsebpw IrXnIÄ DÄs¡mÅn¨n«pÅXpsImWvSv \ap¡v KoXbpsS Imes¯¸än Dd¸v ]dbm\mhnÃ.'' (`mcXob ZÀi\w, `mKw 1, ]pdw 481).

KoXmIÀ¯mhv Xsâ Imes¯ hnhn[ Nn´m[mcIsf ka\zbn¸n¡pIbpw kamlcn¡pIbpamWpWvSmbsX¶v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶p.

GXmbmepw KoX ssZhnIamsW¶v At±l¯n\v A`n{]mbanÃ. ""ZÀi\w, aXw, kZmNmc§Ä F¶nhbpsS D]tZi§fS§p¶ {KÙamWXv. AXns\ {ipXnsbt¶m AYhm Cuizcobamb Acpf¸msSt¶m IcpXp¶nÃ. kvarXnsb¶v ]dbmhp¶XmWv''( Ibid ]pdw 477).

Npcp¡¯n KoXbn ssZhnI ktµi§fpsS Awi§fpw Bib§fpw DWvSmhmsa¦nepw AsXmcp ssZhnI {KÙaÃ. Hcp ssZhnI {KÙamsW¶v KoX kzbw AhImis¸Sp¶nsöXpw {it²bas{X.