" "apkvenwIÄ [cn¡p¶Xpt]mse R§Ä _lpssZhhnizmknItfm _lpssZhmcm[Itcm AÃ. ssZhw GI\msW¶v hnizkn¨v ssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡p¶hcmWv. hn{Kl§Ä {]XnjvTn¡p¶Xv ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw ssZh¯n {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pamWv. F¶n«pw \n§sf´n\mWv hn{Klmcm[\sb Ipäs¸Sp¯p¶Xv?''

Ckvemw ssZh¯nsâ GIXzw Du¶n¸dbp¶p. Ahs\ am{Xta hnfn¨p {]mÀYn¡pIbpw Bcm[n¡pIbpw sN¿mhq F¶v IWniambn IÂ]n¡p¶p. ssZh¯nsâ k¯bnepw KpWhntij§fnepw A[nImcmhImi§fnepw Ah\p ]¦pImsc IÂ]n¡p¶Xv A£´hyamb A]cm[ambn IW¡m¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ \nch[n ImcW§fm hn{Klmcm[\tbmSv hntbmPnt¡WvSnhcp¶p.

1. ssZhw Acq]nbpw AZriy\pamsW¶v lnµpaXapÄs¸sS temI¯nse FÃm aX§fpw DZvtLmjn¡p¶p.

tIt\m]\nj¯nen§s\ ImWmw:

""b·\km \ a\ptX tb\mlpÀat\maXw

XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX'' (1: 6)

(a\Ên\v Adnhm³ Ignbm¯Xpw F¶m a\Ên\v Adnhm\pÅ Ignhns\ \ÂIp¶XpambXns\ {_Òsa¶v AdnbpI. CXmWv {_Òw F¶p hnNmcn¨v D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.)

""b¨£pjm \ ]iyXn tb\ N£qwjn ]iyXn

XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX'' (1:7)

(I®psImWvSv Im×m³ Ignbm¯Xpw I®psImWvSv hnjb§sf ImWp¶Xn\v tlXp`qXambn«pÅXptatXm AXv {_Òsa¶dnªmepw. CXmWsX¶ \nebn D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.)

""bXv t{imt{XW \ irtWmXn tb\ t{im{XanZw {ipXw

XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX''(1: 8)

(sNhnsImWvSv tIÄ¡m³ Ignbm¯Xpw F¶m sNhn¡v tIÄ¡m\pÅ Ignhv \ÂIp¶XpambtXtXm AXmWv {_Òsa¶dnªmepw. AXmWnsX¶ \nebn D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.)

ssZhw \ncmImc\msW¶v sslµhZÀi\w AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. D]\nj¯v ssZhs¯ hntijn¸n¨Xv "\nÀKX BImcmXv k \ncmImcx'þ bmsXmcph\v BIrXnsbm¶panÃtbm A§s\bpÅh³þ F¶mWv (kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn, kXymÀY{]Imiw, Bcy{]mtZinI {]Xn\n[n k`, ]©m_v, ]pdw 38)

kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn FgpXp¶p: ""Cuizc³ \ncmImc\mIp¶p. Fs´¶m kmImc\msW¦n hym]I\mbncn¡p¶XÃ. hym]I\sæn kÀhÚXzw apXemb KpW§Ä Cuizc\n LSn¡pIbnÃ. Fs´¶m ]cnOn¶amb hkvXphnepÅ KpWþIÀaþkz`mh§fpw ]cnOn¶§fmbncn¡patÃm. F¶p am{XaÃ, Cuizc³ kmImc\msW¦n iotXmjvW§Ä, tcmK§Ä, tZmj§Ä, tOZ\w, t`Z\w apXemb {InbIsfm¶pta¡m¯h\mbncn¸m³ IgnbpIbnÃ. AXn\m Cuizc³ \ncmImc\msW¶pXs¶bmWv Xocpam\n¡s¸Sp¶Xv.''(kXymÀY{]Imiw, ]pdw 288)

JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlp kIe hkvXp¡sfbpw krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ah³ kIe kwKXnIfpw AdnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Ah\mIp¶p \n§fpsS \mY\mb ssZhw. Ah\ÃmsX Hcp Bcm[y\panÃ. kIe hkvXp¡fpsSbpw {kjvSmhmWh³. AXn\m \n§Ä Ahs\ A\pkcn¨p Pohn¡pI. Ah³ FÃm Imcy§fpsSbpw D¯chmZnXztaäh\mIp¶p. I®pIÄ¡hs\ ImWm\mhnÃ. Aht\m, I®pIsf IWvSpsImWvSncn¡p¶p. Ah³ kq£vaZr¡pw A`nÚ\patÃm''(6:101þ103).

Acq]nbpw AZriy\pamb ssZh¯n\v cq]w k¦Â]n¡p¶Xv Ir{XnaamWv. anYysb kXyhpambn IeÀ¯emWv. AXv ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hfsc sXämb k¦Â]w hnizmknIfn hfÀ¯p¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AXv ssZht¯mSp sN¿p¶ ISp¯ A\oXnbmWv.

CXp kw_Ôambn {_Òm\µ kzman inhtbmKn FgpXp¶p: ""\½psS ]nXmhnsâtbm Kpcphnsâtbm atäm OmbsbSp¯psh¨v AhcpsS A`mh¯n Ahsc IWvSv kt´mjn¡p¶p; hµn¡p¶p. A{]Imcw t£{X¯n ssZh¯nsâ {]Xnash¨v ]qPn¨v kt´mjn¡p¶XmIp¶p. A§s\ sNbvXn«nsæn kzev]_p²nIÄ¡v ssZhw DsWvS¶v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv F§s\bmWv? F¶v ImÀa³amÀ hmZn¡p¶p. CXpw Akw_Ôw Xs¶. ]nXmhns\bpw Kpcphns\bpw aäpw IWvSpwsImWvSmWv t^mt«m FSp¡p¶Xv. B Ombbn AhcpsS BIrXnhSnhpw DWvSv. ssZh¯n\v BIrXnbnÃ. ]ns¶ F§s\ OmbsbSp¯p? BÀ FSp¯p? _nw_¸Wn¡mcpw aäpw IÃpIfnepw hÃXnepw sIm¯p¶Xpw hc¡p¶XpamtWm ssZh¯nsâ Omb? C§s\ \m\m hn{Klcq]¯n\m ssZhkzcq]s¯bpw Bcm[\m{Ias¯bpw sXän²cn¸n¡p¶Xv alm A\ÀYamIp¶p.'' (hn{Klmcm[\mJÞ\w, {]km[IÀ: \nÀaem\µtbmKn, {]knUâv {_Òm\µ inhtbmKn kn²m{iaw, Be¯qÀ; ]pdw 28, 29)

2. \½n {i² tI{µoIcn¡mt\m \s½ HmÀ¡mt\m thWvSn Ipc§sâtbm \mbbpsStbm Nn{Xtam {]Xnatbm Øm]n¡p¶Xv \mamcpw CjvSs¸SpIbnÃtÃm. ImcWw, Ipc§\pw \mbbpsams¡ \t½¡mÄ \nÊmchpw XmsgbpamsW¶v \mw [cn¡p¶p. AÆn[w Xs¶ Cu {]]©¯nepÅ FÃm hkvXp¡fpw ssZh¯nsâ krjvSnIfpw Aht\mSv XmcXayw sN¿m\mhm¯ hn[w \t¶ \nÊmchpamWv. AhbntesX¦nepw H¶ns\, ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw Ah\n {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pambn Øm]n¡p¶Xv ssZht¯mSp sN¿p¶ ISp¯ A\oXnbmWv; AXpsImWvSpXs¶ A£´hyamb A]cm[hpw.

3. ssZhs¯ Bcm[nt¡WvSXv F§s\bmsW¶v ]dtbWvSXv ssZhamWv. hn{Kltam {]XnaItfm {]XnjvTItfm Øm]n¨mWv Xs¶ Bcm[nt¡WvSsX¶v ssZhw ]dªn«nÃ. A¯csamcp Bcm[\mcoXn ]Tn¸n¨n«panÃ. F¶Ã, hn{Kl§tfm {]XnjvTItfm Øm]n¨v Bcm[\ \S¯cpsX¶v IWniambn IÂ]n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv.

4. km£m ssZhs¯bÃmsX hnfn¨p {]mÀYn¡p¶Xpw Bcm[n¡p¶Xpw AcpXm¯XmsW¶v Ckvemans\t¸mse lnµpaXhpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶pWvSv. hn{Klmcm[\ _lpssZhmcm[\bsæn A\ymcm[\sb hnaÀint¡WvSXnÃtÃm. OtµmtKym]\nj¯n C§s\ ImWmw: ""HmantXyXZ£capZvKoYap]mkoX'' (HmwImcw bmsXmcphsâ \mat[bamtWm, bmsXmcph³ Hcn¡epw \in¡bnÃtbm Ahs\bmWv D]mknt¡WvSXv; asämcphs\bÃ.)

hnJymXamb sslµhkvtXm{X¯nen§s\ ImWmw:

""XztaIw hcWyw XztaIw icWyw

XztaIw PKXvImcWw hnizcq]w''

(\ns¶ am{Xw R§Ä Bcm[n¡p¶p. \nt¶mSpam{Xw R§Ä icWw tXSp¶p. temtImev]¯n¡p ImcWw \o Xs¶. \o hnizcq]w.)

tizXmizXtcm]\nj¯nen§s\ ImWmw:

""XaoizcmWmw ]caw atlizcw

Xw tZhXm\mw ]caw N ssZhXw

]Xnw ]Xo\mw ]caw ]ckvXmXv

hnZma tZhw `pht\iaoUyw'' (6þ7)

(AXv FÃm Cuizc·mcpsSbpw alm\mb imkI\pw kÀh tZh·mÀ¡pw ]camcm[y\pw kakvX ]XnIfpsSbpw ]Xnbpw [ kwc£I³ ] kakvX {_ÒmÞ\mbI\pw BIp¶p. kvXpXyÀl\pw {]Imi kzcq]\pamb AXv kÀh¯n\pw AXoXamsW¶v \mw a\Ênem¡p¶p.)

KoXbnen§s\ ImWmw:

bm´n tZh{]Xm tZhm\v ]nXr\v bm´n ]nXr {hXmx

`qXm\n bm´n `qtX Pymbm´n aZvbmPnt\m f lamw.

(tZh·msc D]mkn¡p¶hÀ tZh·msc {]m]n¡p¶p. ]nXr¡sf Bcm[n¡p¶hÀ ]nXr¡sf AWbp¶p. `qX§sf D]mkn¡p¶hÀ `qX§fnse¯p¶p. F¶m Fs¶ D]mkn¡p¶hÀ Fs¶ {]m]n¡p¶p.) (D²cWw: hnZyhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn, "{ioi¦cZÀi\w', ]pdw 91)

kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn FgpXp¶p: ""kvXpXn, {]mÀY\, D]mk\ F¶nhsbÃmw t{ijvT\mbn«pÅh\p am{Xta sN¿s¸SmdpÅq. KpWw, IÀaw, kz`mhw, kXyhyhlmcw F¶o hnjb§fn asäÃmhsc¡mfpw D¡Àjw BÀ¡ptWvSm Ahs\bmWv t{ijvT³ F¶p ]dtbWvSXv. BÀ t{ijvT·mcn h¨v t{ijvT\mIp¶pthm Ahs\ ]ctaizc³ F¶p ]dbp¶p. asämcpht\bpaÃ. Ah\v Xpey\mbn«v Hcph³ CXn\p ap¼v DWvSmbn«nÃ. Ct¸mÄ CÃ. C\nta DWvSmhpIbpanÃ. A§s\bncns¡ Ahs\¡mÄ DÂIrjvS\mbn Hcph³ DWvSmIp¶Xv F§s\? kXyw, \ymbw, Zb, kÀhIÀakmaÀYyw, kÀhÚXzw apXemb AkwJyw KpW§Ä Ah¶pÅXpt]mse asämcp PU]ZmÀY¯nt\m Pohmßmhnt\m CÃ. kXykzcq]ambn hnf§p¶ hkvXphnsâ KpWIÀa kz`mh§fpw kXy§fmbn¯s¶bncn¡pw. AXn\m a\pjyscÃmw ]ctaizcs\bmWv kvXpXn¡pIbpw {]mÀYn¡pIbpw D]mkn¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSXv. asämcphs\bpaÃ. {_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶ t]tcmSp IqSnb ]pcmX\·mcmb hnZzm·mcpw ssZXy·mÀ, Zm\h·mÀ XpS§nb \nIrjvS a\pjycpw aäpÅ km[mcW a\pjycpw ]ctaizc\n ]qÀWhnizmkt¯mSpIqSn At±ls¯¯s¶bmWv kvXpXn¡pIbpw {]mÀYn¡pIbpw D]mkn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶Xv. thsdmcphs\bÃ. AXpsImWvSv \½sfÃmhcpw A{]Imcw sN¿p¶XmWpNnXambn«pÅXv''(kXymÀY{]Imiw, ]pdw 12,13).

{_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶nhsct¸mepw kvXpXn¡pItbm {]mÀYn¡pItbm D]mkn¡pItbm sN¿cpsX¶mWtÃm CXnsâbÀYw. C¡mcyw {io hmKv`Sm\µ Kpcphpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. (hmKv`Sm\µsâ k¼qÀW IrXnIÄ. H¶mw ]Xn¸v, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv. ]pdw 357þ359).

{_Òm\µ kzman inhtbmKn hknjvT\nÂ\n¶v D²cn¡p¶p:

\«IssÃss¯hsa³dp \mep ]pjv]w NmÀ¯pcnÀ

Npänh´psamW³dp sNmÃpa´ncsaX¡tSm

\«pIÃp t]bptam \mXXpÅncp¡bnÂ

Np«N«nN«pIw Idn¨psshbdnbptam

(Hcp IÃns\ {]XnjvTn¡p¶p. AXn Cuizc `mh\tbmSp IqSn ]qPn¡p¶p. AXns\ {]Z£nWw sh¡p¶p. a{´w P]n¡p¶p. B {]XnjvTn¨ IÃp tIÄ¡ptam? Idnsh¡p¶ N«ntbm Idnbnf¡p¶ N«pItam, IdnbpsS cks¯ Adnbptam?) (hn{Klmcm[\m JÞ\w, ]pdw 7)

5. km[mcW¡mÀ¡v Bcm[n¡m³ hn{Klw thWsa¶ hmZs¯ {_Òm\µkzman inhtbmKn C§s\ JÞn¡p¶p: ""Ip«nIÄ¡v sNdnb Ip¸mbw thWw. henb Ip¸mbw ]äpIbnÃ. A{]Imcw Aev]_p²nIÄ¡v hn{Klmcm[\ thWw. {_Ò[ym\¯n\v IgnbpIbnÃ' F¶v hmZn¡p¶p. CXv "Ip«nIÄ¡v Im×m³ Hcp sNdnb kqcy³ thWw. henb kqcysâ shfn¨w t\m¡nbm ImWpIbnÃ' F¶p ]dbp¶t]mse Akw_ÔamIp¶p.''(hn{Klmcm[\mJÞ\w)

6. hn{Klmcm[Icmb alm`qcn]£hpw hn{Kl§Ä¡v {]tXyIamb ]pWyhpw ZnhyXzhpw IÂ]n¡p¶hcmWv. BcpsS {]XnjvTbmtWm, AhcpsS ssNX\yw AXn Bhmln¡s¸«XmbmWv hn{Klmcm[IcpsS hnizmkw. adn¨v, {i² tI{µoIcn¡m³ am{Xambncps¶¦n ap¶n Fs´¦nepsam¶v h¨m aXnbtÃm. F¶p am{XaÃ, \nehnepÅ hn{Klw amän aäp hÃXpw h¨m FXnÀ¡s¸SpIbpanÃ. F¶m X§fmcm[n¡p¶ hn{Kls¯ amäp¶Xv hnizmknIÄ¡v k¦Â]n¡pI t]mepw km[yaÃ. AXn\m hn{Klw ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pw am{XamsW¶ hmZw hkvXp\njvTaÃ. AXv _lpssZhmcm[\ Xs¶bmWv. AXn\memWv OtµmtKym]\nj¯n\pw kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn¡pw hmKv`Sm\µKpcphn\psaÃmw A\yssZhmcm[\sb FXnÀt¡WvSnh¶Xv.

7. ssZhw AZznXob\pw AXpey\pw AkZri\pamsW¶v FÃm aX§fpw ]dbp¶p. ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v C¶Xpt]mse F¶pt]mepw ]dbpI km[yaÃ. AtXmsSm¸w a\pjysâ I®pw a\Êpw FhnsSbmtWm tI{µoIcn¡p¶Xv AXnsâ {]Xncq]amWv a\Ên ]XnbpI. hn{Klmcm[Isâ a\Ên hn{Kl¯nsâ {]Xn_nw_amWv Øm\w ]nSn¡pI. AXn\m Bcm[Isâ a\Ên ssZh¯n\p ]Icw hn{KlamWv Øm\w ]nSn¡pI. A§s\ ssZh¯nsâ Øm\w hn{Klw ssIbS¡p¶p.

8. Bcm[yt\mSpÅ BXy´nIamb BZchn\m Bcm[I³ ]caamb hn\bt¯msS \nÀhln¡p¶ IÀaamWtÃm Bcm[\. krjvSnIfn t{ijvT\mb a\pjy³ AXv Xs¶t¸mepÅhÀt¡m Xt¶¡mÄ XmsgbpÅhbvt¡m AÀ¸n¡p¶Xv Xsâ alnXamb ]Zhn¡pw am\yX¡pw \nc¡p¶XÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ssZthXcÀ¡pÅ Bcm[\ kz´t¯mSpÅ AXn{Iaw IqSnbmbmWv Ckvemw ImWp¶Xv. kÀthm]cn, kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn hyàam¡nbt]mse ]caamb BZchv AÀ¸nt¡WvSXv AXÀln¡p¶h¶mWv. t{ijvTXbnepw alXz¯nepw Úm\¯nepw iànbnepw ]qÀWXbpÅh³ ssZhw am{XamWv. AXn\m Ah³ am{Xta Bcm[\ AÀln¡p¶pÅq. AXh\pam{Xw AhImis¸«XpamWv. ssZh¯n\p am{Xw AhImis¸«Xv aäpÅhÀ¡v \ÂI ssZhlnX¯ns\Xncpw Ahsb ssZh¯nsâ Øm\¯v Ahtcm[n¡epamWv. hn{Klmcm[\ sImSnb ]m]amIm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.