""AssZzXkn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm? Csæn F´psImWvSv?''

{ioi¦cmNmcycmWv Hcp kn²m´sa¶ \nebn AssZzXs¯ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nbXv. Ggmw \qämWvSnsâ A´y¯nepw F«mw \qämWvSnsâ BZy¯nepambmWv At±lw Pohn¨sX¶mWv s]mXp [mcW. F¶m F«mw \qämWvSnsâ A´y¯nemsW¶pw H¼Xmw \qämWvSnsâ BZy]mZ¯nemsW¶psams¡ hnizkn¡p¶hcpw hncfaÃ. P·\mSv tIcf¯nse ImeSnbmsW¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶p. i¦cmNmcyÀ Xsâ Kpcphmb tKmhnµsâ BNmcy\mb KuV]mZ\nÂ\n¶mWv AssZzXkn²m´w kzoIcn¨Xv. F¦nepw _mZcmbWsâ {_Òkq{X¯nsâ hymJym\sa¶ \nebnemWv At±lw AssZzXw BhnjvIcn¨Xv. D]\njZvhmIy§fpsS ka\zbcq]amWv {_Òkq{Xw.

tIcf¯nse AssZzX¯nsâ Gäw Icp¯\mb hàmhmbncp¶ hnZymhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""AssZzX ZÀi\s¯ bmYmÀYyam¡m³ t]m¶XmWv BNmcyho£Ww. {_Òw \nÀKpWamsW¶pw Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw GIamsW¶pw sXfnbn¡m³ {ioi¦c `KhZv]mZÀ¡ÃmsX asämcmNmcy\pw km[n¨n«nÃ.''({ioi¦cZÀi\w, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, 1998, ]pdw 61)

_p²aXs¯ t\cnSm\mWv {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ AssZzXkn²m´w BhnjvIcn¨Xv. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""XcwXmWpt]mb _p²aX¯nsâ FXnÀ¸pIsf {ioi¦c\v A`napJoIcnt¡WvSnh¶p. {]kvXpX kmlNcy¯n _p²aX¯nsâ `ojWnsb sNdp¡phm³ iàhpw \qX\hpamb Hcp XXzimkv{Xw cq]s¸Spt¯WvSXv AXymhiyambncp¶p. {ioi¦csâ AssZzXaXw [ochpw kaÀYhpamb hn[¯n B shÃphnfnsb t\cnSpIbpw sNbvXp.''( Ibid ]pdw 138)

_p²aXs¯ t\cnSm³ i¦cmNmcyÀ AhcpsS Bib§ÄXs¶ ISw sImÅpIbmbncp¶p. hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""AhbnÂ\n¶v kzoImcyambsXms¡ BNmcy³ kzoIcn¡pIbpw kzho£W¯n hnebn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. {]Ѷ_p²³ F¶ A]c\maw t]mepw {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ¡v DWvSmbncp¶p.''( Ibid ]pdw 68)

i¦cmNmcyÀ AssZzXs¯ AhXcn¸n¨Xn§s\bmWv: ""{_ÒkXyw, PK·nYym, Pothm {_ssÒh \m ]cx''

({_Òw kXyw; PK¯v AbYmÀYw; Poh³ {_ÒaÃmsX asäm¶paÃ.)

hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""BNmcykzmanIÄ Bbnc¯mWvSpIÄ¡¸pdw Cu temIt¯mSmbn {]hNn¨p: Cu Zriy{]]©w F´nÂ\n¶pZv`hn¨pthm AXv {_ÒamIp¶p. AXmIs« GIhpw \nXyhpamWv. A¦c³, Aac³, ]camßmhv XpS§nbn«pÅ t]cpIfn {_Òw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. AXdnªp IgnªmemIs« temI¯nse kÀhhpw Adnbm³ Ignbpw. thZ§Ä¡pw {_Òsa¶v t]cpWvSv. ]camßmhpw Pohmßmhpw H¶pXs¶. tIhew AhnZysImWvSmWv A§s\bsöv tXm¶p¶Xv. Cu AhnZy H¶pam{XamWv ZpxJImcWw. BßÚmt\mZb¯n AhnZy \o§pw. IÀXrXzhpw t`mIvXrXzhpw Pohmßmhnsâ [Àa§fmWv. Úm\nIÄ¡v IÀaanÃ; icoc_ÔanÃ. {_tÒm]mkIÀ {_Òambn `hn¡p¶p.''( Ibid, ]pdw 113)

At±lw Xs¶ FgpXp¶p: ""F«pImenbnÂ\n¶v \qse¶ t]mse, icoc¯n \n¶v tIitcmamZnIsf¶ t]mse \nXyhkvXphmb {_Ò¯nÂ\n¶v DZv`qXambXmWv Cu PK¯v' F¶v apÞtIm]\nj¯n {]kvXmhn¨Xmbn ImWmw.''( Ibid, ]pdw 48)

]mcamÀYnIambn {_Òw am{XtabpÅqsh¶pw PK¯v ambbmsW¶pw AhnZybmWv AXv bmYmÀYyambn A\p`hs¸Sm³ ImcWsa¶pw kaÀYn¡m\mbn AssZzXhmZnIÄ ]ehn[ DZmlcW§fpw kaÀ¸n¡mdpWvSv. NneXnhnsS tNÀ¡p¶p:

1. kzÀWame FSp¯v F´msW¶v tNmZn¨m Ghcpw ame F¶p ]dbpw. AXv Dcp¡n hfbm¡nbm hfsb¶pw ]mZkcam¡nbm B t]cnepw Adnbs¸Spw. F¶m bYmÀY¯n AsXm¶paà Ah; kzÀWsa¶ AhØ¡p am{XamWv amäanÃm¯Xv. AÆn[w C¡mWs¸Sp¶ PK¯v {_Ò¯nsâ hnhÀ¯nX cq]amWv. {]IminX cq]w IWvSv Ah bYmÀYamsW¶v [cn¡p¶Xv AhnZyImcWamWv. BßÚm\w t\Sp¶tXmsS AhsbÃmw hyhlmcnIamsW¶pw ]mcamÀYnIambn {_ÒtabpÅqsh¶pw t_m[yamhp¶p. hfbpw amebpw ]mZkchpw kzÀWamsW¶dnbp¶t]mse.

2. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw X½n A´canÃ. F¶m kz]v\¯nse A\p`hw bmYmÀYyaÃ. CÆn[wXs¶ AhnZybpÅt¸mÄ bmYmÀYyambn tXm¶p¶Xv hnZy t\Sp¶tXmsS ambbmsW¶v t_m[yamIpw. Dd¡¯nse kz]v\w DWÀ¨bn AbYmÀYambn A\p`hs¸Sp¶t]mse.

3. a§nb shfn¨¯n IbÀ IWvSm ]m¼msW¶v IcpXpw. shfn¨w hcp¶tXmsS bmYmÀYyw Xncn¨dnbpw. AÆn[w AhnZy ImcWamWv PKXv bmYmÀYyambntXm¶p¶Xv. {_ÒÚm\w e`n¡p¶tXmsS AXv ambbmsW¶pw {_Òw am{Xta ]mcamÀYnIambpÅqsh¶pw t_m[yamIpw.

AXn\m Pohmßmhn\v hymhlmcnI Xe¯nte AkvXnXzapÅq. ]mcamÀYnI Xe¯neXv {_Òw Xs¶bmWv. AYhm Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶. hnZy t\Sp¶tXmsS CXv Xncn¨dnbpw.

Cu AssZzX kn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm F¶v BtemNn¡p¶Xn\pap¼v CXv ssZhnItam sshZnItam aX]ctam BtWm F¶v ]cntim[nt¡WvSXpWvSv. {_Òkq{Xs¯ Ahew_n¨n«mWtÃm i¦cmNmcyÀ Cu kn²m´w BhnjvIcn¨Xv.

BÀ¡pw FÆn[hpw hymJym\n¡m³ ]mI¯n Ahyàhpw ZpÀ{KlhpamWv {_Òkq{Xw. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""hm¡pIÄ Ignbmhp¶{X Ipd¡m\pÅ Xnc¡n kq{X§Ä ZpÀ{KmlyamhpIbpw hymJym\w A\nhmcyamhpIbpw sNbvXp.'' ({_Òkq{X, ]pdw23)

lmPnan \Iapd FgpXp¶p: ""hymJym\anÃmsX {_Òkq{X¯nse Hcp hmIyw t]mepw a\Ênem¡m³ {]bmkamWv. AXnse Hcp hmIy¯n hnjbtam hnjbntbm CÃmXncn¡p¶Xv km[mcWamWv. Nnet¸mÄ Gähpw {][m\s¸« ]Zw Xs¶ hn«pt]mbncn¡pw. AXnÃmsX hmNIw {Kln¡m\mhnÃ. ctWvSm Gdnbm ]t¯m hm¡pIÄ AS§nbXmWv Hcp kq{Xw. ZoÀLamb kq{Xw A]qÀhamWv. Nnet¸mÄ Hcp kq{X¯n Hscmä hmt¡ ImWq'' ( History of Early Vedantha Philosophy, p. 440. D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam? ]pdw 31)

hymJymXmhnsâ `mh\bv¡pw k¦Â]¯n\pw h¼n¨ {]m[m\yhpw {]mapJyhpw ssIhcm\nXv ImcWambn. {_Òkq{Xs¯ Ahew_n¨v ]ckv]c hncp²amb kn²m´§Ä cq]wsImÅm\pÅ ImcWhpw CXpXs¶. i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzXhpw cmam\pPmNmcycpsS hninjvSmssZzXhpw am[zmNmcycpsS ssZzXhpsaÃmw {_Òkq{Xs¯ B[mcam¡nbpÅhbmWtÃm. aq¶ns\bpw Htct]mse ]T\hnt[bam¡nb ]ÞnX·mÀ {_Òkq{Xw AssZzXt¯¡mÄ ASp¯p \n¡p¶Xv ssZzXt¯mSmsW¶v AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. AssZzX¯nsâ bYmÀY t{kmXÊv A]{`wiw h¶ _u² ZÀi\amsW¶pw Ahc`n{]mbs¸«n«pWvSv.

C´y³ ZÀi\§fpsS Ncn{Xw ka{Kambn kaÀ¸n¨ {]apJ ]ÞnX\mb ZmkvKp]vX FgpXp¶p: ""kq{X§fpsS ASnØm\¯n hn[n IÂ]n¡pIbmsW¦n i¦csâ ZmÀi\nI kn²m´s¯ {_Òkq{Xw ]n´pW¡p¶Xmbn F\n¡p tXm¶p¶nÃ. i¦c³ Xs¶bpw ssZzXkz`mh¯n hymJym\n¨ Nne kq{X§Ä AXnepWvSp Xm\pw.'' ( A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. II, P. 2 )

At±lw Xs¶ XpScp¶p: ""Xsâ ZÀi\w D]\nj¯pIÄ ]Tn¸n¡p¶XmsW¶v sXfnbn¡p¶Xnembncp¶p i¦c\v XmÂ]cyw. ]t£, BkvXnIhmZ]chpw ssZzXho£W§tfmSpIqSnbXpamb [mcmfw hmIy§Ä D]\nj¯pIfnepWvSv. `mjm]camb Iuiew F{XbpWvSmbncp¶mepw i¦csâ kn²m´s¯ ]n´pW¡p¶ AÀYw Cu hmNI§fn \n¶v IsWvSSp¡m\mhnÃ.''( Ibid, P.2 )

""{_Òkq{X¯n\v Bdne[nIw sshjvWh hymJym\§fpWvSv. Ah i¦csâ hymJym\¯nÂ\n¶p `n¶amsW¶p am{XaÃ, ]ckv]cw hyXykvX§fmWv. ssZzX ho£W§Ä¡v Ah \ÂIp¶ Du¶Â ]ehn[¯nemWv. AsXs´ms¡bmhs«, i¦csâ hymJym\t¯¡mÄ kq{X§tfmSv IqSpX ASp¯Xv {_Òkq{X§fpsS ssZzX hymJym\§fmsW¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p''( Ibid, Vol. I, P. 420, 421 ).

i¦cmNmcycpsS A\pbmbnsb¶v kzbw k½Xn¡p¶ {]apJ AssZzXhmZn tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""AhnZysImWvSmWv temIw bmYmÀYyambn tXm¶p¶sX¶ ImgvN¸mSà {_Òkq{XImc\pWvSmbncp¶sX¶v hyàamWv. {]]©krjvSn KuchIcamb {]iv\ambmWv kq{XImc³ IWvSn«pÅXv. kmwJy·mcpsS {]IrXnbà {]]©¯n\p ImcWsa¶pw AXoh _p²nbmb {_ÒamWv AXnsâ krjvSn¡p ]n¶nse¶pw kq{XImc³ hmZn¡p¶p. temIw ambbmsW¶ bmsXmcp kqN\bpw ChnsSbnÃ''( Brahmasutra, P. 252 ).

Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶msW¶ i¦cZÀi\s¯bpw cm[mIrjvW³ \ncmIcn¡p¶p: ""Pohmßmhv IÀa\ncXamWv. AXv B\µ¯nemWv. KpWhpw tZmjhpw BÀPn¡pIbpw kpJhpw ZpxJhpw A\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]camßmhn\v hyXykvXamb {]IrXamWpÅXv. FÃm ZpcnX§fnÂ\n¶pw AXv kzX{´amWv. cWvSpw XnI¨pw `n¶ambXn\m Pohmßmhnsâ A\p`h§Ä ]camßmhns\ _m[n¡p¶nÃ. Pohmßmhv kpJhpw ZpxJhpw A\p`hn¡p¶p. ImcWw AXv IÀahnt[bamWv. F¶m ]camßmhv AXn\XoXhpamWv'' ( Ibid, 273).

""kÀKiànbmb {_Òw PohmßmhnÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamWv. Pohmßmhn\v kzbw`qhmImt\m kzbw \in¡mt\m IgnbnÃ. {]tbmP\IcaÃm¯Xpw CjvSIcaÃm¯Xpamb IÀa§sfm¶pw {_Òw sN¿p¶nÃ. D]Imc§Ä sNt¿WvS Bhiytam D]{Zh§Ä sN¿mXncnt¡WvS Bhiytam AXn\nÃ. {_Ò¯n\v Adnbm¯tXm {_Ò¯n\v ]¦nÃm¯tXm Bbn bmsXm¶panÃ. Pohmßmhn\v hyXykvXamb kz`mhamWpÅXv. taÂkqNn¸n¨ ]cnanXnIsfÃmw AXn\pWvSv'' ( Ibid, 355).

""Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶bmsW¶v \mw IcpXp¶nÃ. F´psImsWvS¶m Ahbv¡nSbnse hyXymk§Ä hyàambn {]kvXmhn¡s¸«n«pWvSv.''( Ibid, 417).

Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶msW¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS kn²m´s¯ {_Òkq{Xw ]n´pW¡p¶nsö hkvXpX tUm. cm[mIrjvWs\t¸mse \nch[n ZmÀi\nI·mÀ hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. i¦cmssZzX¯nsâ ià\mb A\pIqenbmbncp¶n«pIqSn tUm. cm[mIrjvW\v Xsâ hntbmPn¸v hyàamt¡WvSnh¶Xv AXn\memWv. C{]ImcwXs¶ i¦cmNmcyÀ \nc´cw BhÀ¯n¡p¶ "amb' F¶ ]ZwXs¶ {_Òkq{X¯n HcnS¯pam{Xta {]tbmKn¨n«pÅq ({_Òkq{Xw 3:2:3). kz]v\temIw AXnsâ auenI kz`mh¯nÂXs¶ shdpw tXm¶emsW¶pw DWÀ¨m AhØbnse {]tXyIXIÄ AXn\nsöpw hyàam¡pIbmWv kq{XImc\nhnsS. AYhm, HcnS¯v "amb' F¶ ]Zap]tbmKn¨XpXs¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS kn²m´¯n\v ISIhncp²amb Bibw {]Imin¸n¡m\mWv. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnteXpw Htct]msebmsW¶ hmZamWtÃm i¦cZÀi\w kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xv.

bmYmÀYys¯ ]camÀYnIsa¶pw hymhlmcnIsa¶pw i¦c³ cWvSmbn Xncn¡pIbpw hymhlmcnIw ambbmsW¶v hmZn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m C¯csamcp hn`P\w Xs¶ {_Òkq{X¯n\v A\yamWv. tUm. \Iapd FgpXp¶p: ""CXv hymhlmcnImÀY¯nepÅ hniZoIcWamWv. ]camÀYnI Xe¯nepÅXÃ. ]camÀYnI Xe¯n Ch cWvSpw H¶pXs¶bmWv. i¦c\n \n¶pWvSmhp¶ C¯cw Nn´ {_Òkq{X¯nsâ k¯tbmSv \nc¡p¶XÃ''( History of Early Vedantha Philosophy, P. 460. D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam, ]pdw 44).

i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzX kn²m´w BZymhkm\w thZ§Ä¡pw D]\njZvhmIy§fpsS ka\zb cq]amb _mZcmbWsâ {_Òkq{X¯n\pw ISIhncp²amsW¶v CsXÃmw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. At±l¯nsâ bYmÀY Ahew_amb KuV]mZ³ C¡mcyw _p²aX¡mtcmSv Xpd¶pk½Xn¨ncp¶p. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""Xsâ ho£Ww bmsXmcp [Àaimkv{X {KÙ§sfbpw Cuizct{]mà§sfbpw Znhym\p`qXnIsfbpw B[mcam¡p¶nà F¶ ASnØm\¯n At±lw _p²aX¡mtcmSv \nthZ\w sN¿pIbpWvSmbn.''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw cWvSv, ]pdw 444)

i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzXw thZhncp²sa¶t]mse¯s¶ bpànhncp²hpamWv. Gsd {]kà§fmb Ht«sd tNmZy§fpsS ap¼n D¯cw \ÂIm\mhmsX ]I¨p\n¡m³ AssZzXhmZnIÄ \nÀ_ÔnXcmhp¶Xpw AXpsImWvSpXs¶. NneXpam{XanhnsS tNÀ¡p¶p:

1. temIw ambbmsW¶v ]dbp¶ i¦cmNmcycpw At±l¯nsâ icochpw imcocnImhbh§fpw a\Êpw _p²nbpw ambbtÃ? {]]©w ambbmsW¶v IsWvS¯nb a\ÊpXs¶ ambbmbXn\m ambbpsS IsWvS¯epw ambbtÃ? AssZzXkn²m´w a\Ênsâ IsWvS¯embXn\m AssZzXhpw ambbtÃ? At¸mÄ temIw ambbmsW¶XpÄs¸sS AssZzX kn²m´w ambbpsS ZÀi\sa¶ \nebn XoÀ¯pw ambbtÃ?

2. _mZcmbW\pw At±l¯nsâ {_Òkq{Xhpw ambbtÃ? ambbmb {_Òkq{X¯n\v ambbmb i¦cmNmcyÀ \ÂInb hymJym\hpw ambbtÃ?

3. bYmÀYamb {_Òhpw AbYmÀYamb PK¯pw X½nepÅ _Ôsa´v? PKXv {_Ò¯nÂ\n¶v A\yasænÂ, {_Ò¯n A[njvTnXsa¦n ]cnhÀ¯\ hnt[bamb PK¯pw ]cnhÀ¯\ hnt[baÃm¯ {_Òhpw F§s\ H¶mIpw? ambbpw ]camÀYhpw XmZmßyw {]m]n¡ptam?

4. bYmÀYamb {_Òw ambbmb {]]©s¯ kzoIcn¡ptam? {_Òw PK¯n\v ImcWamtWm? BsW¦n ImcWamb {_Òw A\´hpw kzbw`qhpambXn\m Imcyamb PK¯pw A\´hpw kzbw`qhpamtIWvSXtÃ?

5. PK¯v i¦cmNmcyÀ ]dªXp t]mse \ngemsW¦n \yq\XbnÃm¯ {_Ò¯nsâ \ngen \yq\X DWvSmIptam? ]m]anÃm¯ {_Ò¯nsâ \ngen ]m]apWvSmIptam? \ngen ]m]hpw ]pWyhpw DWvSmhp¶sX§s\?

6. ambbv¡v AkvXnXzaptWvSm? Csæn C¡mWp¶ PKt¯m? PK¯ns\ P\n¸n¡m³ Ignbpamdv iàamWtÃm amb. AkvXnXzapsWvS¦n {_Òt¯msSm¸w AkvXnXzapÅ asäm¶paptWvSm? F¦n AXv ssZzXamhntÃ?

7. PK¯n\v ImcWw {_Òtam AtXm AhnZytbm? AhnZy BcpsS krjvSnbmWv? {_ÒamtWm AhnZy¡p ImcWw? AhnZy Xs¶ ambbtÃ? At¸mÄ ambbmb AhnZybmWv {]]©w ambbmsW¶v tXm¶mXncn¡m³ ImcWsa¶ kn²m´hpw ambbtÃ?

8. AhnZy ]camÀYnI kXyamsW¶mWv hmZsa¦n ]camÀYnIambn {_ÒhpapWvSv. AhnZybpapWvSv. AXv ssZzXs¯ AwKoIcn¡emhntÃ? cWvSv ]camÀYnI kXyapsWvS¶v k½Xn¡etÃ? AXn\m AhnZy ]camÀYnI kXyamsW¶p ]dªmepw hymhlmcnIamsW¶p hmZn¨mepw ]cam_²ambn¯ocpIbntÃ?

9. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw Hcpt]msebmsW¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS hmZw XoÀ¯pw sXätÃ? kz]v\w bYmÀYamsW¶ tXm¶Â tIhew tXm¶emsW¶Xtà kXyw? HcmÄ hoWv Imep apdnªXmbn kz]v\wIWvSm Im apdnªXmbn tXm¶pw. ]t£, AXv tIhew tXm¶emWv. DWÀ¨bn Im apdnªm AXv tXm¶en \n¡ptam?

10. DWÀ¨bnse A\p`h§Ä¡v ImcyImcW_ÔapWvSmhpw. apdnhpWvSmbmte càsamen¡pIbpÅq. F¶m kz]v\¯n C¯cw ImcyImcW _Ôsam¶panÃmsX kw`h§Ä \S¶Xmbn A\p`hs¸Sp¶p. kz]v\hpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw Hcpt]msebsöv CXv AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶ntÃ?

11. kz]v\w kzbw AbYmÀYtam ambtbm AÃ. kz]v\w ImWWsa¦n ImWp¶ hyàn DWvSmhWw; AbmÄ Dd§Ww; kz]v\¯n ImWp¶hbv¡v GtXm AÀY¯n bmYmÀYytemI¯v AkvXnXzapWvSmIWw. AXn\m kz]v\w ambbmsW¶ hmZatà amb? Dd¡w, DWÀ¨ F¶o bmYmÀYy§fn Dd¡sa¶Xv kw`hn¨metà kz]v\w DWvSmIpIbpÅq? PohnX¯n H¶pw IWvSn«nÃm¯ AÔ³ kz]v\w ImWptam? At¸mÄ kz]v\w ImWp¶h¶pw I®v F¶ bmYmÀYyw DWvSmthWvSXntÃ?

12. Ccp«n Ibdv ImWpt¼mÄ ]m¼msW¶v [cn¡p¶Xv Ccp«v, ]m¼v, Ibdv F¶nh bmYmÀYyambXpsImWvStÃ? shfn¨apWvSmIpt¼mÄ IbdmsW¶v Xncn¨dnbp¶Xv Ibdn\v AkvXnXzapÅXpsImWvStÃ? bYmÀY temI¯v Ibdpw ]m¼pw Ccp«psam¶pansæn ]m¼msW¶ tXm¶ÂXs¶ DWvSmhpIbnÃtÃm. AXn\m i¦cmNmcyÀ temIw anYybmsW¶pw AhnZybmWv AXv bmYmÀYyamsW¶v tXm¶m³ ImcWsa¶pw hcp¯m\mbn ]dª DZmlcWw t]mepw {]]©w ambbÃ, bmYmÀYyamsW¶tà sXfnbn¡p¶Xv?

13. ]camÀYnImÀY¯n Pohmßmhpw {_Òhpw Asæn ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶bmsW¶pw AXn\m Pohmßmhv anYybmsW¶pw hmZn¡p¶ i¦cmNmcyÀ Pohmßmhv {_ÒÚm\w t\SpIhgn ]camßmhv Asæn {_ÒamsW¶v Xncn¨dnbpsa¶v kn²m´n¡p¶p. hymhlmcnI Xe¯n am{Xw AkvXnXzapÅ, ]camÀYnI Xe¯n \ne\nÂ]nÃm¯ Pohmßmhv F§s\bmWv ]camÀYnI Xe¯n ]camßmhmbn amdpI? kqcy\pw shůnepÅ AXnsâ {]Xn_nw_hpw t]msebmWv ]camßmhpw Pohmßmhpsa¶v KuV]mZ\pw i¦cmNmcycpw DZmlcn¡p¶p. {]Xn_nw_w kqcyt\m kqcysâ `mKtam AÃ. bYmÀY AkvXnXzw t]mepanÃm¯ AsX§s\bmWv kqcy\mbn amdpI? ]camÀYnIambn Pohmßmhv anYybmsW¦n ambbmb Pohmßmhv F§s\bmWv {_ÒÚm\w t\SpI? Pohmßmhv hymhlmcnItam ]camÀYnItam? hymhlmcnIamsW¦n AYhm anYybmsW¦n ]ns¶ F§s\bmWv AkvXnXzanÃm¯ H¶v {_ÒÚm\w t\SpI? ]camÀYnIamsW¦n ]camßmhnt\msSm¸w Pohmßmhpw AkvXnXzapÅhbmbn DWvSmhpIbntÃ? CXv ssZzXatÃ?

14. {_ÒÚm\w hymhlmcnItam ]camÀYnItam? hymhlmcnIamsW¦n CÃm¯ H¶ns\ F§s\bmWv kzmb¯am¡pI? ]camÀYnIamsW¦n {_Òt¯msSm¸w AkvXnXzapÅ {_ÒÚm\sa¶ asäm¶pIqSn DWvSmhntÃ?

15. hymhlmcnImÀY¯n am{Xw \ne\n¡p¶Xpw ambbpw kKpWhpamb kzÀWw, F«pImen, icocw t]mepÅhsb \nÀKpWhpw ]mcamÀYnIhpamb {_Òt¯mSv D]an¨Xv icnbmtWm? hymhlmcnImÀY¯n am{Xw \ne\nev]pÅ, AYhm ambbmb F«pImenbpsS ambbmb \qens\bpw ambbmb icoc¯nse ambbmb apSnsbbpw F§s\ ]mcamÀYnIamb {_Òt¯mSp]an¡pw?

16. AssZzXsa¶Xv kaql¯n¶v kzoIcn¡mhp¶ {]mtbmKnI kn²m´aÃ. C¡mcyw hnZymhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn Xs¶ ]eXhW hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv:

""hnthIþhnNmcþsshcmKyimenIfmb BfpIÄ temI¯v ]¯p e£¯nsemcmÄ t]mepansöXmWv bmYmÀYyw. Úmt\mZb¯m A\pKrloXcpw {]m]©nIhkvXp¡fpsS £WnIXzw {Kln¨hcpamb ]pWymßm¡Ä am{Xta tam£mÀYnIfmbn XocpIbpÅq. A{]ImcapÅhcpsS F®w F{Xtbm ]cnanXambncn¡pw.''({io i¦cZÀi\w, ]pdw 136)

""At\Iw tImSnbn Ht¶m ctWvSm t]À bYmÀY¯n apànam{Xw e£yam¡nbhcmbn«pWvSmhmw.''( Ibid ]pdw 14)

tImSnIfn Ht¶m ctWvSm t]À¡p am{Xw kzoIcn¡mhp¶ Hcp kn²m´¯n\pthWvSn P\tImSnIÄ \nesImÅp¶Xv \ncÀYIhpw hnUvVn¯hpatÃm.

17. AssZzXkn²m´w AhXcn¸n¨psImWvSv {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ ]dªp: ""IÀaWmw Nm hnZz Zznjbx'' (IÀa§Ä AÚm\nIÄ¡pÅXmWv.)

""`mcXobsc IÀahnapJcm¡n¯oÀ¯p {io i¦cmNmcyÀ'' F¶v Bt£]kzc¯n BNmcysc Aev]w hnaÀin¡p¶pWvSv Achnµ³, "Cutim]\nj¯v' F¶ Xsâ IrXnbn (D²cWw Ibid , ]pdw 35)

CXns\ hnaÀin¨psImWvSv hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""hmfnsâ hmbv¯ebneqsS \S¶p\o§pI F¶Xpt]mse ZpjvIcamWv bYmÀY¯n B²ymßNcy. tImSnIfn HcmÄs¡¦nepw kwkmckmKc¯nsâ adpIc]äm³ Ignsª¦n AXpXs¶ alm`mKyw. At¸mÄ `mcXobsc IÀahnapJcm¡n¯oÀ¯p BNmcy]mZÀ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv \ncÀYIamWv.''( Ibid , ]pdw 35)

tImSnIfn HcmÄ¡pt]mepw AssZzXw AwKoIcn¨v Pohn¡m\mhnsötà CXv hyàam¡p¶Xv? AtXmsSm¸w kaqlw AssZzXw AwKoIcn¨v Pohn¨m FÃmhcpw IÀahnapJcmIpsa¶pw \mSpw kaqlhpw \in¡psa¶papÅ hnaÀi\w icnbmsW¶v k½Xn¡pIbtà ]t\mfn t]mepw sN¿p¶Xv?

18. i¦cmNmcyÀ ]dbp¶p: ""BßÚmt\mZb¯n AhnZy \o§pw. IÀXrXzhpw t`màrXzhpw Pohmßmhnsâ [Àa§fmWv. Úm\nIÄ¡v IÀ½anÃ. icoc_ÔanÃ. {_tÒm]mkIÀ {_Òambn `hn¡p¶p.'' (D²cWw Ibid ]pdw 113). CÆn[w AssZzXm\p`hw t\Snb Bsc¦nepw C¶v temI¯ptWvSm? AYhm, Blmcw Ign¡msXbpw aäp imcocnImhiy§Ä \nÀhln¡msXbpw(AsXms¡bpw ambsb Ahew_n¡emWtÃm.) Pohn¡p¶ Bsc¦nepw temI¯ptWvSm? DsWvS¦n BÀ? FhnsS? {io i¦cmNmcyÀ¡pt]mepw IÀaanÃmsXbpw icoc_ÔanÃmsXbpw Pohn¡m³ km[n¨n«nsöXtà kXyw? kzbw BNcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kn²m´atà At±lw apt¶m«p sh¨Xv?

19. AssZzXw a\pjyÀ¡v Ahew_n¡mhp¶ Hcp PohnX coXn kaÀ¸n¡p¶nsöncns¡ F´mWv Cu kn²m´¯nsâ {]tbmP\w? tImSnIfnsemcmÄ¡pt]mepw BNcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kn²m´w F´n\v? BÀ¡pthWvSn?

C¯cw \nch[n {]iv\§Ä¡v AssZzX¯n D¯canÃ. bpànbpsS hcpXnbn FÃmw hcWsa¶v hmZapÅXn\meà C¯cw {]iv\§fp¶bn¡p¶Xv. adn¨v, FÃmw bpànbpsS shfn¨¯n hniIe\w sN¿p¶ kao]\w AssZzX hmZnIÄ kzoIcn¨Xn\memWv. am{XaÃ, AssZzX kn²m´w bpàn¡v AXoXamsW¶Xà {]iv\w. AbpànIhpw bpànhncp²hpamsW¶XmWv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AssZzXw ZmÀi\nI {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pIbÃ; IqSpX k¦oÀWam¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Achnµv tLmjv C¡mcyw C§s\ hyàam¡p¶p: ""anYy F¶ AÀY¯nepÅ ambm kn²m´hpw {]]©w AbYmÀYamsW¶ hmZhpw ZmÀi\nI {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pIbÃ; krjvSn¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. AkvXnXz{]iv\w AXv bYmÀYambn ]cnlcn¡p¶nÃ, adn¨v AXns\ A]cnlmcyam¡n hnSpIbmWv''( Sri. Aurobindo, The Life Divine, 1949, Quoted by Thomas O' Neil, P, 201, D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam, ]pdw: 63)

AssZzX kn²m´s¯ Hcp PohnXmZÀisa¶ \nebn DÄs¡mÅm³ AXnsâ D]ÚmXmhmb i¦cmNmcyÀ¡p t]mepw km[n¨nsöXmWv hkvXpX. t£{X§tfm XoÀY§tfm Bhiyansöv iàambn hmZn¨ncp¶ At±lw Xs¶ t£{X§fn t]mbncp¶p. AXnsâ t]cn At±l¯n\v Bk¶acW\mbncnt¡ A\pX]nt¡WvSnhcnIbpapWvSmbn. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""i¦c³ arXypi¿bn InS¡p¶ L«¯nÂ, Xm³ ]et¸mgpw t£{X§fn t]mhmdpWvSmbncp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v £ambmN\w sNbvXXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶p. Fs´¶m AXv Cuizcsâ kÀhhym]nXzs¯ \ntj[n¡embn tXm¶nbncp¶p'' (`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw cWvSv, ]pdw 647).

AssZzXt¯mSv \oXn ]peÀ¯m¯ Imcy§Ä {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ Xs¶ ]dªn«psWvS¶Xv kpk½Xas{X. hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""{ioaZv `mcXo XoÀYkzmanIÄ (irwtKcn aTw {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ) tImgnt¡m«ph¶t¸mÄ (1985Â) Rm³ At±ls¯ kµÀin¡pIbpWvSmbn. DOrwJeamb ]mÞnXy¯nsâ DSasb¶Xntesd i¦c ZÀi\¯nsâ B[nImcnI hàmhpwIqSnbmWtÃm kzmanIÄ. B \ne¡v BNmcy kzmanIfpsS IrXnIsf¡pdn¨v At±l¯n\pÅ A`n{]mbambncn¡pw IqSpX kzoImcyambncn¡pI. "hntiz¯c i¦c`mjy¯n \nȦw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ Bib§fpsS Hu¶Xyw ]peÀ¯m¯Xpw NnteS¯v B Bib§Ä¡v Aev]sa¦nepw a§teev]n¡p¶Xpamb Nn´miIe§Ä "hnthI NqUmaWn' XpS§nb IrXnIfn ImWp¶pWvStÃm' F¶ kwibw Cu teJI³ D¶bn¨t¸mÄ alm\mb kzmanIÄ {]XnIcn¨Xv F§s\sbt¶m?

"ImfnZmkIrXnIfmb cLphwi¯nepw aäpw hymIcW\nbaw A\phZn¡m¯ ]e ]Z{]tbmK§fpw \mw ImWp¶ntÃ? GtXm Nne kmlNcy§Ä¡p hnt[b\mbn«v almIhn A§s\sbms¡ ]Z{]tbmKw sNbvXp F¶p hnNmcn¸m\tà D]]¯nbpÅq? BNmcy]mZcpsS hnthINqUmaWn XpS§nb IrXnIfnepw aäp NnteS¯pw ZÀin¡mhp¶ Bib§fpsS hyXnbm\¯nsâ kz`mhhpw Gsd¡psd taÂ]dª coXnbn cq]w ]qWvSXmsW¶p IcpXnbm aXn.''({ioi¦c ZÀi\w, ]pdw 44, 45)

{ioi¦cmNmcyÀ¡pt]mepw Ft¸mgpw AssZzXkn²m´s¯ apdpsI ]nSn¡m³ km[n¨ncp¶nà F¶tà CXp hyàam¡p¶Xv? i¦cmNmcyÀ¡v {_ÒÚm\w e`n¨ncp¶nà F¶pw CXv sXfnbn¡p¶p. e`n¨ncp¶psh¦n BibhyXnbm\w kw`hn¡pambncp¶nÃtÃm.

thZhncp²hpw bpànhncp²hpamb AssZzXkn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. thZ§fpw D]\njZv hmIy§fpsS ka\zb cq]amb {_Òkq{Xhpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶t]mse {_Òw Asæn Cuizc³ AYhm AÃmlphmWv {]]©s¯bpw AXnepÅhsbbpw krjvSn¨sX¶pw Cu temIw anYytbm ]camÀYnI bmYmÀYytam Asöpw ssZh¯nsâ krjvSnbmb £WnI bmYmÀYyamsW¶pw AXv kn²m´n¡p¶p. {kjvSmhv \nÀKpW\Ã; kKpW\mWv. F¶m {kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw Hcn¡epw Hcp Imcy¯nepw katam kZritam AÃ. {kjvSmhnsâ khntijXIsfm¶pw krjvSnIÄ¡nÃ. {kjvSmhn\v Xpeyambn H¶pansöÀYw. thZhpw {_Òkq{Xhpw kn²m´n¡p¶Xpw CXpXs¶.

kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pw kÀh\nb´mhpamb AÃmlphns\bmWv JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. {_Òkq{Xw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ {_Òhpw AXpXs¶.

"P·mZn AkybYm' ({_Òkq{Xw 1:1:2) F¶Xnsâ hymJym\¯n tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""{]IrXn]camb hymJym\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepÅ ssZhimkv{XamWv Cu kq{X¯nepÅXv. A\p`hthZyamb \nco£W§fnÂ\n¶pw BXy´nI bmYmÀYys¯¡pdn¨pÅ kn²m´w \mw cq]oIcn¡p¶p. ASp¯ kq{Xw sshZnI t{kmXÊpIfnte¡v \½psS {i² Xncn¡p¶p. temI¯nsâ kz`mhs¯¸än Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ GI ]ctam¶X bmYmÀYys¯¸änbpÅ \nKa\¯nemWv \msa¯p¶Xv. temIw AkvXnXz¯n\pw \ne\nÂ]n\pw hneb\¯n\pw Ahew_n¡p¶ kzbw ]cym]vX\mb krjvSnssh`h\n \msa¯p¶p''( Brahmasutra, P. 226 ).

At¸mÄ i¦cmNmcyÀ Xsâ bYmÀY Ahew_sa¶v AhImis¸Sp¶ {_Òkq{Xw "{_ÒamWv temI¯nsâ krjvSn¡pw \ne\nÂ]n\pw \mi¯n\pw \nan¯'sa¶v (1:1:2) IrXyambn hyàam¡p¶p. {_Ò¯nsâ A`ojvSamWv krjvSnbpsS ImcWsa¶v kn²m´n¡p¶p. Ckvemapw CXpXs¶bmWv ]dbp¶Xv. AÃmlphmWv {]]©¯nsâ {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pw \mY\pw \nb´mhpsa¶pw Ahsâ CObpw (CdmZ¯v, Asæn aioA¯v) Xocpam\(JZmAv)hpamWv krjvSn¡v ImcWsa¶pw AXv hyàam¡p¶p. CXn\p ISIhncp²amb AssZzX kn²m´s¯ \ncmIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.