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ae_mdnsâ hnZym`ymk {]iv\§Ä/sI. \Pm¯pÃ
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{_n«ojv `cWImes¯ XncpþsIm¨n tÌäpw a{Zmkv kwØm\¯nsâ `mKambncp¶ ae_mdpw ImkÀtImUpw tNÀ¯mWv 1956 \hw_À H¶n\v tIcf kwØm\w cq]oIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. \qämWvSpIfmbn k©mcnIfpsSbpw Ncn{XImc³amcpsSbpw tImf\niànIfpsSbpw kmaqly imkv{XÚ·mcpsSbpw `cWIÀ¯m¡fpsSbpw {i²mtI{µambncp¶p ae_mÀ. Cw¥ojpImcpambpff hnhn[ DS¼SnIfpsS ^eambn XncqhnXmwIqÀ, sIm¨n kwkvYm\§Ä¡v X§fptSXmb cmP`cWw \ne\nÀ¯m³ km[n¨p. F¶m 1792se {iocwK]«W DS¼SntbmsS Sn¸p kp¯m\n \n¶pw ae_mdnsâ \nb{´Ww CuÌv C´ym I¼\nbpsS ssIIfnembn. XncpþsIm¨nbptSXn \n¶pw hyXykvXamb A\p`hamWv {_«ojpImcn \n¶pw ae_mdn\v e`n¨Xv.  Ip¯I Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw ]camh[n em`w t\SpIbpw sN¿pI F¶Xne¸pdw, ae_mdnsâ hnIk\tam P\§fpsS ]ptcmKXntbm tImf\n iànIfpsS e£yambncp¶nÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ P\§fpsS XmÂ]cy§sf AhKWn¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv. k¼¶amb Hcp Ncn{Xhpw ae_mdn\pWvSv. 1792 apX 1921 hscbpff Imebfhn km{amPyXz hncp², kzmX{´y kac t]mcm«¯nsâ IYIfpw ae_mdn\v ]dbm\pWvSv. AtXkabw, kmaqlnI ]cnjvIcWhpw ]ptcmKXnbpw e£yw sh¨ 1891se aebmfn sat½mdnbÂ, 1895se Cugh sat½mdnb XpS§nbhpw km[p P\ ]cn]me\ kwLw, tbmKt£a k`, Fkv. F³. Un. ]n, F³. Fkv. Fkv  XpS§nbhbpsS t\XrXz¯n \nch[n kmaqlnI {]Øm\§Ä cwK¯v hs¶¦nepw {]tXyIamb cmjv{Sob kmlNcy§Ä ImcWw AXnsâ ^e§sfms¡bpw XncpþsIm¨n taJebn ]cnanXs¸SpIbmWv sNbvXXv. Ncn{X]camb ImcW§fm Xs¶ XncpþsIm¨n taJesb At]£n¨v kmaqly, hnZym`ymk cwK§fn ae_mÀ taJe ]n¶m¡ambncp¶p F¶mWv CXv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. kzmX{´y¯n\v ap¼v Xs¶ anj\dnIfpsSbpw cmPm¡³amcpsSbpw {]hÀ¯\ ^eambn XncpþsIm¨n taJebn h³]ptcmKXnbpWvSmbn«pWvSv. 1950þ1956 Imebfhn ae_mÀ Pnà t_mÀUv GXm\pw ]pXnb kvIqfpIÄ XpS§pIbpWvSmbn. F¶m 1956 se tIcf cp]oIcW¯n\p tijapff tIcf¯nsâ ]ptcmKXnsb taJemSnØm\¯n hnebncp¯pt¼mÄ ae_mÀ taJe t_m[]qÀhw AhKWn¡s¸«n«pWvSv F¶Xv t_m[yamhpw. kwØm\s¯ sam¯w B`y´c DZv]mZ\¯n ae_mdnsâ ]¦v CXc taJesb¡mÄ IpdhmWv. Btfmlcn hcpam\w, s]mXptaJebnsebpw kzImcy taJeIfnsebpw sXmgn ]¦mfn¯w, ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS e`yX F¶o  cwK§fnseÃmw ae_mÀ ]n¶n Xs¶bmWv. sXmgn taJebn  ae_mdns\¡mÄ Cc«nbmWv  XncpþsIm¨n ]¦mfn¯w.  IqSpX Bg¯n ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ `oIcambncp¶p Cu hnthN\sa¶v \madnbp¶p.
tIcf¯nsâ BsI hnkvXrXnbpsS 44.94iXam\amWv ImkÀtKmUv, I®qÀ, tImgnt¡mSv, hb\mSv, ae¸pdw, ]me¡mSv PnÃIfpÄs¸Sp¶ ae_mÀ. 2001se sk³kkv {]Imcw 1,33,11,075 BWv ae_mdnse P\kwJy. kwØm\s¯ sam¯w P\kwJybpsS 42.49 iXam\w.
tIcf¯nse sam¯w P\kwJy 3,18,38,619. Pnà Xncn¨  P\kwJym \nc¡v C§s\. Xncph\´]pcwþ3234707, sImÃwþ2584118, ]¯\wXn«þ1231577, Be¸pgþ2105349, tIm«bwþ1952901, CSp¡nþ1128605, FdWmIpfwþ3098378, XriqÀþ2975440, ]me¡mSvþ2617072, ae¸pdwþ3629640, tImgnt¡mSvþ2878498, hb\mSvþ786627, I®qÀþ2412365, ImkÀtImUvþ1203342. (2001 se sk³kkv)
F¶m B\p]mXnIamb hnZym`ymk Ahkc§Ä krjvSn¡mXncn¡m³ Ime§fmbpff `cWIqS§fpw DtZymKØcpw {ian¨Xmbpw IsWvS¯mhp¶XmWv.  1956 apXepff 50 hÀj¯n\nS¡v  hnZym`ymk taJe ssIImcyw sNbvXhcn `pcn`mKhpw ae_mdn \n¶pff a{´namcmbncp¶p F¶Xpw {it²bamWv. hnZymÀYnIÄ IqSpXepffXv ae_mdnse PnÃIfnemsW¦nepw AXn\\pkrXamb coXnbn hnZym`ymk kuIcy§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯p¶Xn tIcf¯nsâ `qXImew ]cmPbambncp¶p. ss{]adn Xew apX D¶X hnZym`ymktaJe hsc Cu XcwXncnhv ImWmw.
AXv sImWvSpXs¶bmWv ae_mdnse PnÃIÄ tIcf¯nse hnZym`ymk]cambn ]n¶m¡w \n¡p¶ PnÃIfmbn amdnbXv. 1994  \S¯nb t_kvsse³ Akkvsaâv ]T\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n hb\mSv, ImkÀtImUv, ae¸pdw PnÃIfmWv CXn Gähpw ]ndIn \n¡p¶Xv.

kvIqÄ hnZym`ymkw
P\kwJy ae_mdn (1,33,11075þ(42.49%)t\¡mÄ IqSpXemWv XncpþsIm¨n (1,35,27544þ(57.51%)bnse¦nepw kvIqÄ {]thi\¯nsâ Imcy¯n Cu A´cw ImWp¶nÃ. bYm{Iaw 50.56Dw 49.14DamWv XncpþsIm¨n, ae_mÀ taJebnse kvIqÄ {]thi\ \nc¡v. 2005þ06 se IW¡\pkcn¨v 47,76,306 Ip«nIfmWv tIcf¯nse kvIqfpIfn  H¶p apX ]¯phsc ]Tn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶Xv. CXn 23,60,788 t]cmWv ae_mdnepffXv. AXmbXv BsI kvIqÄ hnZymÀYnIfpsS 49.42 iXam\w. F¶m kwØm\¯v kvIqfpIÄ A\phZn¡p¶Xnepw Øm]n¡p¶Xnepw  CXn\\pkcn¨ A\p]mXw ImWm³ km[n¡nÃ. L.P, U.P, H.S Xe§fnembn 12644 kvIqfpIfmWv tIcf¯nepffXv. CXn 5810 F®w(45.95%) am{XamWv ae_mdnepffXv. kwØm\¯v BsI 4498 kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIfpw 7290 FbvUUv kvIqfpIfpamWpffXv. Ahtijn¡p¶h A¬ FbvUUv taJebnemWv. kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIfn 1915 F®amWv ae_mdnepffXv(42.57%). 7290 FbvUUv kvIqfpIfn 3542 F®amWv ae_mdnepffXv.(48.58%)Un.]n.C ]n bpsS ^eambn \nehnepff kvIqfpIfnse ASnØm\þ `uXnI kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸«psh¶wKoIcn¨m Xs¶ Bhiy¯n\v kvIqfpIÄ ae_mdnensömWv t_m[ys¸SpI. ]«nI 1 ImWpI.

kÀ¡mÀ IW¡\pkcn¨v Gähpw IqSpX Ip«nIÄ ]Tn¡p¶Xv ae¸pdw PnÃbnemWv.    7,64,696t]À. ae¸pds¯ kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIfpsS F®w 545. Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbn 4,43,498 hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v 516 kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIÄ Xs¶bpWvSv.
FÂ. ]n hn`mK¯n kwØm\¯v BsI 18,25,453 hnZymÀYnIÄ ]Tn¡p¶p. CXn 9,17,055 t]À(50.24%) ae_mdnemWv. F¶m tIcf¯nse BsI 2548 kÀ¡mÀ FÂ. ]n kvIqfpIfn 1071 F®amWv(42.02%) ae_mdnemsI ]c¶v InS¡p¶Xv. IqSmsX 2131 FbvUUv kvIqfpIfpw  ae_mdnepWvSv. kwØm\¯v BsI 3992 FbvUUv FÂ. ]n kvIqfpIfmWpffXv. kwØm\s¯ 277 A¬ FbvUUv FÂ. ]n kvIqfpIfn 82 F®w ae_mdnepWvSv.
XncpþsIm¨n taJebn kÀ¡mÀþFbvUUv  kvIqfpIfpsS IWs¡Sp¡pt¼mÄ 266.21 hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v Hcp FÂ. ]n kvIqÄ F¶ tXmXnepWvSv. F¶m ae_mdn CXv 299.39 hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v Hcp kvIqÄ F¶ A\p]mX¯nemWv.  tIcf¯n temhÀ ss{]adn Xe¯n XncpþsIm¨n taJebnepffXnt\¡mÄ 8657  hnZymÀYnIÄ ae_mdn IqSpXembpWvSv Ft¶mÀ¡Ww. XncpþsIm¨n taJebn 3338 Kh/FbvUUv kvIqfpIfpw ae_mdn 3202 kvIqfpIfpamWÅXv. Ip«nIÄ IqSpXepff ae_mdn Xncp sIm¨nbnteXnt\¡mÄ 126  kvIqfpIÄ Ipdhv!  ]«nI 2 CXv hyàam¡p¶p.

temhÀ ss{]adn kvIqfpIfpsS F®¯nsâ Imcy¯n ae_mdpw XncpþsIm¨nbpw X½nepff A´camWnXv ImWn¡p¶sX¦n kÀ¡mdpw P\{]Xn\n[nIfpw Ime§fmbn Cu taJesb F§s\ ]cnKWn¡p¶p F¶Xnsâ km£y]{XamWv kvIpÄ sI«nS§fpw kvIqfpIfnse ASnØm\ kuIcy§fn ImWp¶ Ipdhpw. Xncph\´]pcw, sImÃw, ]¯\wXn«, Be¸pg, tIm«bw,CSp¡n PnÃIfn hmSI sI«nS¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Hcp FÂ. ]n kvIqÄ t]mepanÃ. FdWmIpf¯v cWvSpw Xriqcn ]Xnt\gpw kvIqfpIÄ hmSI sI«nS¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. hSt¡m«v \o§pt¼mgmWv CXnsâ `oIcapJw ZriyamhpI. ]me¡mSvþ37, ae¸pdwþ88, tImgnt¡mSvþ43, hb\mSvþ32, I®qÀþ24, ImkÀtKmUvþ16 kvIqfpIfmWv hmSIsI«nS¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv! tImgnt¡mSv PnÃbnse cWvSv kvIqfpIÄ sjÍnemWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv.
Xncpþ sIm¨nbnse 1477 kÀ¡mÀ F ]n kvIqfpIfn 1391 F®¯nÂ(94%) IpSnshff kuIcy§fpWvSv.ae_mdnse 1071 kvIqfpIfn 974 F®¯nemWv(91%) Cu kuIcy§fpffXv. aq{X¸pc/I¡qkv kwhn[m\w XncpþsIm¨nbnse 1357 kvIqfpIfnepw(92%) ae_mdn 992 kvIqfpIfn(93%)epamWpffXv.
FÂ. ]n Xe¯n hnZym`ymk kuIcy§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯p¶Xnse Cu Ipdhnt\msSm¸w Xs¶ \mw {i²nt¡WvS ImcyamWv BZmbIcaÃm¯ kvIqfpIfpsS Imcyhpw.  tIcf hnZym`ymk N«w (sI.C.BÀ) {]Imcw Hcp ¢mkn IpdªXv 25 hnZymÀYnIsf¦nepw CÃm¯ kvIqfpIÄ¡mWv A¬ F¡tWmanIv kvIqfpIÄ F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. C¯c¯nepff kvIqfpIfpsS 79.99iXam\hpw FÂ. ]n taJebnemWv.AXmbXv 2335 kvIqfpIÄ. Pnà Xncn¨pff IW¡pIÄ¡v ]«nI aq¶v ImWpI

ae_mdnepffXnt\¡mÄ 423 A¬ F¡tWmanIv kvIqfpIÄ IqSpXemWv sX¡³ tIcf¯nÂ. AXmbXv sX¡³ tIcf¯n hnZymÀYnIfnÃ, kvIqfpIÄ Bhiy¯ne[nIhpw. ae_mdnemhs« Xncn¨pw.
A¸À ss{]adn hn`mK¯n tIcf¯n 1456565 hnZymÀYnIÄ ]Tn¡p¶pWvSv. hnZym`ymk cwKs¯ sam¯¯n ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ bp. ]n kvIqfpIfpsS F®¯nsâ Imcy¯n am{XamWv XncpþsIm¨n taJetb¡mÄ ae_mÀ ap¶n«v \n¡p¶Xv. 50.69% hnZymÀYnIÄ XncpþsIm¨nbnepw 49.31% t]À ae_mdnepw ]Tn¡p¶p. 1379 kvIqfpIÄ sX¡³ tIcf¯nepw1445 kvIqfpIÄ ae_mdnepapWvSv.
]t£, XncpsIm¨nbnse bp.]n kvIqfpIfn H¶pt]mepw  hmSI sI«nS¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ. AtX kabw ]me¡mSvþ2, ae¸pdwþ26, tImgnt¡mSvþ9 hb\mSvþ8, I®qÀþ14, ImkÀtKmUvþ5 (BsIþ 64) kvIqfpIÄ hmSIsI«nS¯nemWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv.
tIcf¯n 465 A¬ F¡tWmanIv bp ]n kvIqfpIfpWvSv. CXn 114F®amWv ae_mdnepffXv. 351 F®hpw sX¡vþ a[y tIcf¯nemWv. Pnà Xncn¨ IW¡pIÄ Xmsg. (]«nI 4 ImWpI)

tIcfs¯ XncpþsIm¨n, ae_mÀ F¶o cWvSv taJeIfmbn ]cnKWn¨v  hnZym`ymk cwKs¯ hnthN\s¯¡pdn¨ Xncn¨dnhnsâ Gähpw sNdnb kXy§fmWv ss{]adn hnZym`ymk taJebn \n¶pw e`n¡pI. apIfntem«v t]mIpw tXmdpw sR«epfhm¡p¶ `oIcbmYmÀYy§fmWv IsWvS¯m\mhpI. C§s\sbms¡bmbncpt¶m tIcfw F¶v \mw kzbw tNmZn¡pw. \s½ `cn¨hscbpw `cn¡p¶hscbpw \mw sXcsªSp¯hscbpw \½psS P\{]Xn\n[nIsfbpw \mw Ahnizknt¡WvSXmbnhcpw. A{Xbpw Xnà kXy§fmWv A\mhcWw sN¿s¸SpI. Ac\qämWvSv Imew  {]_p² tIcfw AXnsâ Hcp icoc`mKt¯mSpw AXnse a¡tfmSpw sNbvX A\oXnbpsSbpw A[mÀanIXbpsSbpw Nn{X§Ä sXfnªp hcpw. H¸w Hcp \mSnsâ \nÊxKXbpw.
kwØm\s¯ kvIqÄ hnZymÀYnIfn 31.10%  sslkvIqÄ hnZymÀYnIfmWv. 1494288 t]cmWv tIcf¯nse kÀ¡mÀ,FbvUUv,A¬ FbvUUv sslkvIqfpIfn ]Tn¨v sImWvSncn¡p¶Xv. CXn 768792 t]À XncpþsIm¨nbnepw 725496t]À ae_mdnepw. C{Xbpw hnZymÀYnIÄ¡mbn tIcf¯n 2423 Kh/kzImcy kvIqfpIfpWvSv. AYhm 617 t]À¡v Hcp kvIqÄ F¶ tXmXnÂ.
F¶m Xncpþ sIm¨nbn am{Xambn 1613 kvIqfpIfpWvSv. AXmbXv, 477 t]À¡v Hcp sslkvIqÄ. ae_mdn 810 sslkvIqfpIÄ am{Xw. AYhm 896 t]À¡v Hcp kvIqÄ am{Xw! AXmbXv, ae_mdns\¡mÄ Cc«n hnZym`ymk Ahkcw sslkvIqÄ taJebn XncpþsIm¨n¡v \ÂIs¸Sp¶p. Pnà Xncn¨  IW¡v Xmsg(]«nI 5).

tIcf¯n kÀ¡mÀ kwhn[m\¯neqsSbÃmsX, k¶² kwLS\Ifpw aX kwLS\Ifpw  \S¯p¶ HutZymKnI AwKoImcanÃm¯ kzImcy kvIqfpIfneqsS e£t¯mfw hnZymÀYnIÄ thsdbpw ]Tn¡p¶pWvSv. C¯cw Øm]\§fmhs« ae_mÀ taJebnÂ, hntijn¨pw tImgnt¡mSv, ae¸pdw PnÃbn hfscb[nIamWpXm\pw. kÀ¡mÀ kwhn[m\§fpsS A]cym]vXXbmWv C¯cw Øm]\§Ä krjvSn¡s¸Sm³ ImcWw. ]t£, Chsbms¡bpw \½psS HutZymKnI IW¡n\v ]pd¯mWv.
kwØm\¯v BsI 119 A¬ F¡tWmanIv sslkvIqfpIfpWvSv. CXn F«v F®w am{XamWv ae_mdnepffXv.I®qcn Gsg®hpw ]me¡mSv H¶pw. XncpþsIm¨n taJebn sslkvIqfpIfpsS B[nIyw Xs¶bmWnXv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. kvIqfpWvSv,  A[ym]IcpapWvSv; ]s£, ]Tn¡m³ hnZymÀYnIfnÃ. AtXkabw, ae_mdn kvIqfpIfn hnZymÀYnIfpsS B[nIyhpw A\p`hs¸Sp¶p.
C\n IW¡pIfnsem¶pw IsWvS¯m\mIm¯ Nne hkvXpXIfpWvSv. AXdnbWsa¦n tIcf¯nse kvIqfpIfneqsS Ibdnbnd§ntb ]äq. Xncph\´]pct¯bpw tIm«bs¯bpw FdWmIpfs¯bpw sIm«mc kam\ kuIcy§fpff  cmPIob kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIÄ ImWpt¼mÄ \½Ä sR«nt¸mIpw. _nÂUnwKnsâ Kmw`ocyw. ¢mkv apdn¡Is¯ kuIcy§Ä, ]T\m\p_Ô {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pff kÖoIcW§sfms¡ ImWpt¼mÄ kvIqfpIfpsS `uXnI kuIcy§sf¡pdn¨ \½psS k¦Â]§Ä amdpw. ae¸pds¯bpw ]me¡ms«bpw tImgnt¡ms«bpw X«ps]mfn s]«n¡S kvIqfpItf ae_mdpImÀ¡v ]cnNbapffq.
CX{Xbpw {]mYanI, ZznXob hnZym`ymk Øm]\§sfmcp¡p¶Xnepw kuIcy§fptaÀs¸Sp¯p¶Xnsebpw  ae_mdnt\mSpff AhKW\tbbpw `cW DtZymKØ Xe§fnepff hnthN\s¯bpamWv IrXys¸Sp¯p¶Xv.
kvIqfpIfpsS {]hÀ¯\¯n\v taÂt\m«w hln¡pIbpw hnZym`ymk {]hÀ¯\§sf GtIm]n¸n¡pIbpw amÀK\nÀtZiw \ÂIpIbpw sNt¿WvS hnZym`ymk PnÃIÄ, hnZym`ymk D]PnÃIÄ F¶nh kvYm]n¡p¶nS¯pw asämcp Nn{Xaà ImWpI. CXmhs«,Hcp {]tZi¯nsâ Xs¶ hnZym`ymk ]ptcmKXnsb Xs¶ kmcambn _m[n¨n«pWvSv,_m[n¡p¶pWvSv. kwØm\s¯ 38 hnZym`ymk PnÃIfn 25 F®hpw a[yþZ£nW tIcf¯nemWv. 161 D]PnÃIfn 92 F®hpw XncpþsIm¨nbn Xs¶. 762 hnZymeb§fpw 9682 A[ym]Icpw 2.62 e£w hnZymÀYnIfpapff Be¸pg PnÃbnepw 921 kvIqfpIfpw 9874 A[ym]Icpw 2.53 e£w hnZymÀYnIfpapff tIm«bw PnÃbnepw 4 hnZym`ymk PnÃIfmWpffXv. F¶m 1472 kvIqfpIfpw 25312 A[ym]Icpw 7.65 e£t¯mfw hnZymÀYnIfpapff ae¸pdw PnÃbn 3 hnZym`ymk PnÃIfmWv A\phZn¡s¸«Xv.(CXn hWvSqÀ hnZym`ymk Pnà Gsd apdhnfnIÄ¡v tijw 2005 emWv A\phZn¡s¸«Xv. Bhiy¯n\v kuIcy§fpw Poh\¡mcpw hWvSqÀ hnZym`ymk PnÃbn Ct¸mgpw e`yaÃ) ImkÀtKmUv, I®qÀ, hb\mSv, tImgnt¡mSv, ]me¡m«v PnÃIfnepw hnZym`ymk PnÃIÄ A\phZnt¨S¯v Cu Ak´penX¯zw ImWm\mIpw. 989 hnZymeb§fpw 15581 A[ym]Icpw 4.43 e£w hnZymÀYnIfpapÅ Xncph´]pcw PnÃbnepw 924 hnZymeb§fpw 12229 A[ym]Icpw 3.40 e£w hnZymÀYnIfpapff sImÃw PnÃbnepw 3 hnZym`ymk PnÃIfmWpffXv. AtX kabw 1239 kvIqfpIfpw 18599 A[ym]Icpw 4.62 e£w hnZymÀYnIfpff tImgnt¡mSv PnÃbn shdpw aq¶v hnZym`ymk PnÃIÄ! (CXn XmactÈcn hnZym`ymk Pnà A\phZn¨Xpw 2005 am{Xw) Un. C. H Hm^okpIfpsS Imcy¯nepff Cu hyXymkw aäp ]eXnt\bpw _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. DZmlcW¯n\v Be¸pg, FdWmIpfw, tIm«bw PnÃIfn GItZiw Hcp e£w hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v Hcp _p¡v Unt¸m hoXapWvSv. AX\pkcn¨v ae¸pd¯v 6 hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpw 8 _p¡v Unt¸mIfpw Bhiyambn hcpw.
Un.C.H Hm^okpIÄ A\phZn¡p¶Xnse A\oXn F.C.H Hm^okv hn\ymk¯nepw ImWm³ km[n¡p¶p. 17 D]PnÃIfpff ae¸pd¯v aq¶v hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpw 15 D]PnÃIfpff tImgnt¡mSpw I®qcpw bYm{Iaw aq¶v, cWvSv F®w hoXw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpamWpffXv. AtXkabw 12 D]PnÃIfpff Xncph´]pc¯pw sImïpw aq¶v hoXw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpw ]Xns\m¶pw ]Xnaq¶pw D]PnÃIfpff Be¸pgbnepw tIm«b¯pw \mev hoXw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpWvSv. Htcm D]Pnáv Iognepapff kvIqfpIfpsS Imcy¯nepapWvSv Cu A´cw. ae¸pdw PnÃbn Hcp D]Pnáv Iogn icmicn 79 ss{]adn kvIqfpIÄ DÄs¸Spt¼mÄ XncpþsIm¨nbn AXv 35 am{Xtabpffq. sX¡³ tIcf¯nse ]e hnZym`ymk PnÃItf¡mfpw henb D]PnÃIÄ ae_mdn ImWm\mhpw. Be¸pg PnÃbnse Ip«\mSv hnZym`ymk PnÃbn BsI 114 kvIqfpIfmWpffXv. 114 e[nIw kvIqfpIfpff ]¯ne[nIw D]PnÃIÄ ae_mdnepWvSv. a®mÀ¡mSv D]PnÃbn Øm]\§fpsS F®w 126 BWv. F¶m tIm«bw PnÃbnse sImgph\mÂ, FdWmIpfw PnÃbnse Iq¯m«pIpfw, Be¸pg PnÃbnse as¦m¼v, shfnb\mSv D]PnÃIfn 30þ Xmsg kvIqfpIfmWpffXv. a[y þZ£nW tIcf¯n A©ne[nIw D]PnÃIfpff GI hnZym`ymk Pnà ]¯\wXn«bnse XncphÃbmWv. F¶m ae_mdn A©ne[nIw D]PnÃIfpff Ggne[nIw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpWvSv. Ignª CSXv kÀ¡mcnsâ Ime¯v ]n.sP tPmk^v hnZym`ymk a{´nbmbncns¡ cq]oIcn¨ ISpXpcp¯n, Ip«\mSv hnZym`ymk PnÃIÄ ae¸pdw PnÃbnse a¦S, at©cn, th§c D]PnÃItf¡mÄ hen¸¯nepw hnZymeb§fpsS F®¯nepw sNdpXmWv.
ss{]adn kvIqfpIÄ D]PnÃIÄ¡v Iognepw sslkvIqfpIÄ Un.C.H Hm^okn\p IognepamWv hcp¶Xv. Un.C.H, F.C.H Hm^okpIÄ A\phZn¡m¯Xv AYhm hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpw  D]PnÃIfpw CÃm¯Xv Htcm {]tZi¯ntâbpw hnZym`ymk cwKs¯ Imcyambn Xs¶ _m[n¡p¶pWvSv. Hm^okpIfnse tPmen`mcw Hm^okpIfpsS D¯chmZn¯§fpsS Xs¶ ap³KW\m{Ias¯ sXän¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ae_mÀ taJebn iàambn \ne\n¡p¶ {]iv\amWnXv.
ae¸pdw PnÃbn icmicn 79 FÂ]n/bp.]n kvIqfpIfmWv Hcp D]Pnáv IognepffXv. F.C.H amÀ¡pw _n.BÀ.kn ]cnioeIÀ¡pw Cu F®s¸cp¸w {]bmkw krjvSn¡p¶p. cWvSv aq¶v hÀj¯n\nS¡v Hcn¡Â am{XamWv ChcpsS kvIqÄ kµÀi\w km[yamIp¶Xv. F¶m sX¡³ PnÃIfnse D]PnÃIÄ¡v Iognse kvIqfpIfpsS icmicn F®w 35 F®amWv. AXn\m Xs¶ Cu taJebn hnZym`ymk Hm^okÀamÀ¡v kvIqfpIfnse¯n IrXyamb tamWnädnwKn\v kmhImihpw kuIcyhpw e`n¡p¶p. \nc´c kvIqÄ kµÀi\¯neqsS ]T\ \nehmcw Dd¸phcpt¯WvS  PnÃm hnZym`ymk ta[mhnIÄ hÀj¯nsemcn¡se¯p¶ "]co£¡mc's\¶ ]gbcoXn Xs¶bmWv ae_mdnepffXv. A[yb\þA[ym]\ taJeIfn  Bkq{XWw sNbvXp\S¸nem¡p¶ ]pXnb ]²XnIÄ Ah e£yw sh¡p¶ KpW^ew ImWn¡m¯Xn\p ImcWhpanXmWv. Un.]n.C.]n ]²Xn Gähpw BthiIcambn \S¸nem¡nbXv ae¸pdw PnÃbmWv. F¶m Hmtcm hnZymeb¯nepw AXnsâ KpW^esa¯n¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mbXn\p ImcWw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfnse D]PnÃIÄ¡p Iognse kvIqfpIfpsS _mlpeyamsW¶Xv hyàamWv. A[ym]IÀ¡v ]cnioe\w \ÂIp¶Xnepw hnZymeb§Ä kµÀin¨v XZvkab ]n´pW \ÂIp¶Xn\pw Cu F®¡qSpX XSÊamIp¶psWvS¶v A¶p Xs¶ NqWvSn¡mWn¡s¸«ncp¶p. Ct¸mgs¯ Fkv.Fkv.F ]²XnbpsS \S¯n¸nepw Cu hnjbw A\p`hn¡p¶pWvSv. (D]PnÃm/hnZym`ymk PnÃm hnXcW¯nse A\oXn Adnbm³ ]«nI 6 ImWpI)

hnZyme§fnte¡pff F´ntâbpw hoXw sh¸v hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpsS ASnØm\¯nembXn\m {]kvXpX cwK¯v kzm`mhnIambpw ae_mdnse PnÃIÄ ]n´ffs¸Sp¶p. ]mT]pkvXI§Ä kwØm\¯v Htcm hnZym`ymk Pnápw XpeyambmWv \ÂIp¶Xv. AXn\m Xs¶ ]me¡mSv apX hSt¡m«pff PnÃIfn Bhiy¯nsâ ]IpXn t]mepw ]pkvIX§Ä e`n¡mdnÃ. (hb\mSv, ImkÀtKmUv PnÃIfn AÂ]w t`ZamWv). F¶m sX¡³ PnÃIfn Bhiy¯n IqSpX F¯mdpapWvSv. Hcp hnZym`ymk Pnáv Hcp Unt¸m F¶mWv IW¡v. CXv {]Imcw ae_mdnse an¡ PnÃIfnepw (hb\msSmgnsI) cWvSv/aq¶v  _p¡v Unt¸mIfmWpffXv. Bhiy¯n\v ]pkvIX§sf¯nbmepw hnXcWw ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ amk§sfSp¡pw. hnXcWw [rXn]nSn¨mbXn\m Ahkm\w AhXmf¯nemIpw. \m«pImcpw ]{X¡mcpw DtZymKØsc ]gn¡pw.
sslkvIqÄ hnZymÀYnIfn \n¶v cWvSv cq] hoXw Hmtcm hÀjhpw AXveän¡v ^obmbn ]ncn¡p¶p. C§s\ ae_mdnse hyXykvX PnÃIfn \n¶pff ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶ kwJy e£§Ä hcpw. F¶m Hmtcm hnZym`ymk Pnápw PnÃm ImbnI tafbnse hnPbnIÄ¡v ss{]kv aWn \ÂIm³ kÀ¡mÀ A\phZn¡p¶Xv 54000 cq] hoXamWv. AXmbXv ae¸pdw, tImgnt¡mSv PnÃIfn 162000 cq] hoXhpw ]me¡mSv, I®qÀ, ImkÀtKmUv PnÃIfn 108000 cq] hoXhpw, hb\mSv 54000 cq]bpamWv. ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶ _m¡nkwJyb{Xbpw sXt¡ms«mgpIp¶p.
Htcm hnZym`ymk PnÃbnepw ImbnItafbnse H¶v, cWvSv, aq¶v Øm\§Ä t\Snbhsc ¹kv Sp AUvanj³ kab¯v ]cnKWn¡pw. F¶m ae_mdnse PnÃIfn hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpsS F®w IpdhmbXn\m C¯cw Ahkc§fpw Ipdbp¶p. ae¸pdw PnÃbnse ¹kv Sp kvt]mÀ«vkv Izm« 900 BWv. F¶m hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpsS F®¡pdhv ImcWw, thWvS{X At]£IcnÃm¯Xn\m kÀ¡mÀ kvIqfpIfn Xs¶ CsXmgnªv InS¡p¶p. kzImcy kvIqfpIfn adn¨p hnÂ]\bpw \S¡p¶p.
kvtImfÀjn¸v, sse{_dn, kb³kv kvIow F¶o hnhn[ ]²XnIÄ¡pff km¼¯nI klmbhpw hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpsS ASnØm\¯nembXn\m sX¡³ tIcf¯n e`yamIp¶Xnsâ ]IpXn am{Xta  ae_mdn F¯p¶pÅq.
IqSmsX Un.C.H, F.C.H Hm^okpIfnse tPmen `mchpw henb Afhn Cu taJebnse hnZym`ymk  \nehmcs¯ XIÀ¡p¶Xn apJy ]¦v hln¡p¶pWvSv. hnZym`ymk {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v t\XrXzw hlnt¡WvShÀ ^bepIfpsS h³Iq¼mc§Ä¡nSbn \n¶v Id§p¶p. GXm\pw Znhks¯ ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSntbm kvIqÄ kµÀi\tam Ignsª¯pt¼mtg¡v ^bepIÄ Ip¶p IqSnbncn¡pw. tIcf¯n Gähpw IqSpX A[ym]IcpffXv ae¸pdw, tImgnt¡mSv, ]me¡mSv PnÃIfnemWv. bYm{Iaw 27000, 20000, 16500 F¶XmWv  GItZi IW¡v. ChcpsS \nba\mwKnImcw, {]tamj³, Øew amäw, ]n.F^v, kvIqfpIfnse HmUnänwKv XpS§nb ^bepIÄ bYmkabw XoÀ¸m¡msX sI«n InS¡p¶p. taJeIfn \sÃmcp iXam\w A[ym]I XkvXnIIfpw Hgnªp InS¡p¶p F¶Xpw hkvXpXbmWv. km¼¯nI {]bmkamWv ]pXnb hnZym`ymk PnÃIfpw D]  PnÃIfpw cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\p {]Xn_Ôambn ]dbmdpffXv. F¶m hnZym`ymk PnÃIsf kwØm\¯v apgph\pw ]p\À \nÀWbn¨mepw Hcp ]cn[nhsc {]XnkÔn eLqIcn¡mhp¶XmWv. kwØm\¯nsâ Hcp `mK¯v hnZym`ymk Hm^okpIÄ Bizmkt¯msS ]WnsbSp¡pt¼mÄ adphi¯v Xocm¯ ]Wnbpambn \n¶v InX¡p¶p.
kwØm\s¯ kwØmt\Xc kne_kv A\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ kn._n.Fkv.C, sF.kn.Fkv.C kvIqfpIfpsS hn\ymk¯nepw Cu {]mtZinImk´penXXzapWvSv. kwØm\¯v 587 kn._n.Fkv.C kvIqfpIfpffXn ae_mdn 221F®w am{Xw.78sF.kn.Fkv.C kvIqfpIfn ae_mdn H¼sX®w am{Xw. Pnà Xncn¨ IW¡pIÄ Xmsg.(]«nI 7)